Rotational Grazing and Intensive Pasture Management, 1993

NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL LIBRARY ARCHIVED FILE Archived files are provided for reference purposes only. This file was current when produced, but is no longer maintained and may now be outdated. Content may not appear in full or in its original format. All links external to the document have been deactivated. For additional information, see http://pubs.nal.usda.gov.

Alternative Farming Systems Information Center of the National Agricultural Library
Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

TITLE: Rotational Grazing and Intensive Pasture Management AUTHOR: Jane Potter Gates Alternative Farming Systems Information Center National Agricultural Library PUBLICATION DATE: August 1993 SERIES: QB 93-50 UPDATES: QB 90-03 NAL Call no.: aZ5071.N3 no.93-50 CONTACT: Alternative Farming Systems Information Center National Agricultural Library Room 123, 10301 Baltimore Ave. Beltsville, MD 20705-2351 Telephone: (301) 504-6559 http://afsic.nal.usda.gov ============================================================== ISSN: 1052-5378 United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Library 10301 Baltimore Blvd. Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351 Rotational Grazing and Intensive Pasture Management January 1988 - April 1993 Quick Bibliography Series: QB 93-50 Updates QB 90-03 148 citations in English from AGRICOLA Jane Potter Gates Alternative Farming Systems Information Center July 1993 National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record: Gates, Jane Potter Rotational grazing and intensive pasture management. (Quick bibliography series ; 93-50) 1. Grazing--Bibliography. 2. Pastures--Management-- Bibliography. I. Title. aZ5071.N3 no.93-50 About the Quick Bibliography Series Bibliographies in the Quick Bibliography Series of the National Agricultural Library, are intended primarily for current awareness, and as the title of the series implies, are not indepth exhaustive bibliographies on any given subject. However, the citations are a substantial resource for recent investigations on a given topic. They also serve the purpose of bringing the literature of agriculture to the interested user who, in many cases, could not access it by any other means. The bibliographies are derived from computerized on- line searches of the AGRICOLA data base. Timeliness of topic and evidence of extensive interest are the selection criteria. The author/searcher determines the purpose, length, and search strategy of the Quick Bibliography. Information regarding these is available upon request from the author/searcher. Copies of this bibliography may be made or used for distribution without prior approval. The inclusion or omission of a particular publication or citation may not be construed as endorsement or disapproval. Document Delivery Information: Read Request Library Materials, https://www.nal.usda.gov/nal-services/request-library-materials, to get directions for ordering publications through interlibrary loan. AGRICOLA Citations in this bibliography were entered in the AGRICOLA database between January 1979 and the present. Search AGRICOLA (http://agricola.nal.usda.gov) to update this Quick Bibliography. Use the search strategy and terms located below, plus the extensive AGRICOLA Help site to locate recent literature on your subject of interest. SAMPLE CITATIONS Citations in this bibliography are from the National Agricultural Library's AGRICOLA database. An explanation of sample journal article, book, and audiovisual citations appears below. JOURNAL ARTICLE: Citation # NAL Call No. Article title. Author. Place of publication: Publisher. Journal Title. Date. Volume (Issue). Pages. (NAL Call Number). Example: 1 NAL Call No.: DNAL 389.8.SCH6 Morrison, S.B. Denver, Colo.: American School Food Service Association. School foodservice journal. Sept 1987. v. 41 (8). p.48-50. ill. BOOK: Citation # NAL Call Number Title. Author. Place of publication: Publisher, date. Information on pagination, indices, or bibliographies. Example: 1 NAL Call No.: DNAL RM218.K36 1987 Exploring careers in dietetics and nutrition. Kane, June Kozak. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, 1987. Includes index. xii, 133 p.: ill.; 22 cm. Bibliography: p. 126. AUDIOVISUAL: Citation # NAL Call Number Title. Author. Place of publication: Publisher, date. Supplemental information such as funding. Media format (i.e., videocassette): Description (sound, color, size). Example: 1 NAL Call No.: DNAL FNCTX364.A425 F&N AV All aboard the nutri-train. Mayo, Cynthia. Richmond, Va.: Richmond Public Schools, 1981. NET funded. Activity packet prepared by Cynthia Mayo. 1 videocassette (30 min.): sd., col.; 3/4 in. + activity packet. ROTATIONAL GRAZING AND INTENSIVE PASTURE MANAGEMENT SEARCH STRATEGY Set Items Term(s) --- ----- --------------------- S1 5544 ROTATION? S2 8118 GRAZING S3 379 ROTATION? AND GRAZING S4 3282 INTENSIVE S5 8118 GRAZING S6 72 INTENSIVE()GRAZING S7 3282 INTENSIVE S8 17483 PASTURE? S9 18 INTENSIVE(1W)PASTURE? S10 90 S6 OR S9 S11 455 S3 OR S10 S12 12 VOISIN S13 465 VOISIN OR S11 S14 56354 CELL? S15 57 CELL? AND (S2 OR S8) S16 519 S13 OR S15 S17 478 S16/TI,DE S18 432 S17/ENG S19 368567 PY=1988 : PY=1993 S20 170 S18 AND PY=1988:1993 ROTATIONAL GRAZING AND INTENSIVE PASTURE MANAGEMENT 1 NAL Call. No.: S1.N32 ABC's of rotational grazing. Emmick, D.L. Emmaus, Pa. : Rodale Institute; 1991 Jul. The New farm. p. 26-28; 1991 Jul. Second of series. Language: English Descriptors: Rotational grazing 2 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Amount and diurnal distribution of grazing time by stocker cattle under different tall fescue management strategies. Coffey, K.P.; Moyer, J.L.; Brazle, F.K.; Lomas, L.W. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1992 May. Applied animal behaviour science v. 33 (2/3): p. 121-135; 1992 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle; Grazing behavior; Duration; Diurnal activity; Festuca arundinacea; Grassland management; Endophytes; Trifolium repens; Oxytetracycline; Controlled grazing; Rotational grazing; Grazing systems 3 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P Animal and forage responses on rotationally grazed 'Floralta' limpograss and 'Pensacola' bahiagrass pastures. Sollenberger, L.E.; Rusland, G.A.; Jones, C.S. Jr; Albrecht, K.A.; Gieger, K.L. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1989 Sep. Agronomy journal v. 81 (5): p. 760-764; 1989 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Florida; Paspalum notatum; Hemarthria altissima; Varieties; Pasture management; Rotational grazing; Forage; Nutritive value; Steers; Weight gain Abstract: 'Floralta' limpograss [Hemarthria altissima Poir. (Stapf) et C.E. Hubb.] has the best combination of in vitro digestibility and persistence under grazing of four limpograss cultivars released in Florida. Limpograss crude protein (CP) concentration has been observed to be low in several studies and animal performance on continuously stocked pastures has not exceeded that observed on the industry standard, 'Pensacola' bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge). This study was conducted from 1984 through 1986 on soils of the Pomona (sandy, siliceous, hyperthermic Ultic Haplaquod) and Smyrna (sandy, siliceous, hyperthermic Aeric haplaquod) series. The objective was to compare animal performance on limpograss and bahiagrass when they were rotationally grazed to 20- to 25-cm and 6- to 8-cm stubble heights, respectively, and fertilized with N after each grazing. Seasonal average daily gain (ADG) did not differ between grasses in any year, and mean ADG over the 3-yr period was 0.41 kg for steers (Bos sp.) grazing limpograss and 0.38 kg for those on bahiagrass. Hand-plucked samples of Pensacola had higher CP than those of Floralta, averaging 116 and 83 g kg-1 dry matter (DM), respectively, but in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM) concentration of bahiagrass was 581 vs. 613 g kg-1 OM for limpograss. In each year, there was a marked decline in IVDOM of bahiagrass herbage during the late summer period when ADG was also low. Limpograss IVDOM was not correlated with ADG and, although CP in limpograss herbage was marginal for growing steers, there was not a significant correlation between ADG and CP. Mean stocking rate (SR) over the season was higher for Floralta than for Pensacola, with 3-yr means of 2150 and 1680 kg liveweight ha-1 d-1. Due to higher SR, 3-yr means for gain ha-1 were also higher for limpograss (460 kg) compared with bahiagrass (318 kg). At grazing intensities similar to those used in the current study, frequently fertilized, rotationally grazed pastures of lim 4 NAL Call. No.: SB193.F59 Biological implications of rotational and continuous grazing: a case for continuous grazing. Bransby, D.I. Columbia, Mo. : American Forage and Grassland Council; 1991. Proceedings of the Forage and Grassland Conference. p. 10-14; 1991. Meeting held April 1-4, 1991, Columbia, Missouri. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rotational grazing; Grazing systems; Grazing effects; Grassland management 5 NAL Call. No.: SB193.F59 Biological implications of rotational grazing. Gerrish, J.R. Columbia, Mo. : American Forage and Grassland Council; 1991. Proceedings of the Forage and Grassland Conference. p. 6-9; 1991. Meeting held April 1-4, 1991, Columbia, Missouri. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rotational grazing; Grazing effects; Pasture plants; Grassland management; Persistence 6 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82 Bobwhite habitat use under short duration and deferred- rotation grazing. Wilkins, R.N.; Swank, W.G. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1992 Nov. Journal of range management v. 45 (6): p. 549-553; 1992 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Colinus Virginianus; Habitats; Grazing effects; Grazing systems; Semiarid zones; Rangelands; Wildlife management; Population density Abstract: A study was conducted in the South Texas Plains to contrast the short-term impacts of short duration grazing (SDG) and deferred-rotation grazing (DG) systems on habitats for northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus). Foliar cover, species richness, and structural attributes of the vegetation were compared at radio-location sites (quail-used) and sites along random transects (available) within and between the 2 grazing systems. Quail-used sites were characterized by increased species richness, forb cover, and bare ground and decreased plant height and litter accumulations. Principal components analysis revealed that available sites on the SDG during the fall and winter were scored higher along a habitat gradient which had greater species richness and forb cover combined with diminished litter accumulations. This habitat gradient explained 41% of the variation in the ground layer variables. In addition, mark-recapture studies suggested positive population responses on the SDG during the first year following its initiation. Short-term improvements in bobwhite habitats may be realized by initiating SDG on some semiarid rangelands. 7 NAL Call. No.: SB193.F59 Cattle performance on rotated pastures of switchgrass and Kentucky bluegrass. Smart, A.; Undersander, D. Columbia, Mo. : American Forage and Grassland Council; 1991. Proceedings of the Forage and Grassland Conference. p. 248-251; 1991. Meeting held April 1-4, 1991, Columbia, Missouri. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Wisconsin; Panicum virgatum; Poa pratensis; Rotations; Cattle; Liveweight gain; Grazing systems 8 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82 Cattle, vegetation, and economic responses to grazing systems and grazing pressure. Hart, R.H.; Samuel, M.J.; Test, P.S.; Smith, M.A. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1988 Jul. Journal of range management v. 41 (4): p. 282-286. ill; 1988 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Wyoming; Cattle; Agropyron; Stipa comata; Grazing systems; Grazing intensity; Stocking rate; Rotational grazing; Plant production; Forage; Liveweight gains; Economics; Range management 9 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82 Cattle-deer interactions in the Sierra Nevada: a bioeconomic approach. Loomis, J.B.; Loft, E.R.; Updike, D.R.; Kie, J.G. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1991 Jul. Journal of range management v. 44 (4): p. 395-398; 1991 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: California; Odocoileus hemionus; Cattle; Multiple land use; Rotational grazing; Grazing intensity; Carrying capacity; Population density; Range pastures; Rangelands; Hunting; Economic analysis; Range management; National forests Abstract: Four potential cattle grazing systems on summer range in the Sierra Nevada are compared in terms of deer harvest, number of hunters attracted, and the net economic value of hunting. Research on deer carrying capacity response to different 3-year rest rotation grazing patterns indicates continuous moderate grazing provides 82% of the potential deer carrying capacity. A 2-years-off, 1-year-on grazing system provides 94% of potential deer carrying capacity. The increase in carrying capacity associated with grazing 1 year in 3 could increase buck harvest by 200 animals in the Sierra Nevada's hunt zone D5. Change in deer harvest in the previous year is one of the key variables in a model that determines the attractiveness of hunt zones to California deer hunters. The model predicts that increasing buck harvest by 200 deer in hunt zone D5 results in 2,721 more hunters visiting this zone each year. This translates into nearly 11,835 more trips. The net economic value of these additional hunters is determined based on a simulated market approach. Using the value from the hunter survey, the annual increase in hunting value is $2.3 million. The present value of this change over each 3-year rest-rotation cycle is $6.5 million using a 4% discount rate. The incremental benefits of deer hunting gained under the 2- years-off, 1-year-on grazing system is greater than the lost net economic value of the forage to the rancher as computed by USDA Economic Research Service. 10 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783 Changes in the size and composition of the seed bank of medic pastures grown in rotation with wheat in north Syria. Cocks, P.S. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1992. Australian journal of agricultural research v. 43 (7): p. 1571-1581; 1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Syria; Medicago; Seed banks; Genotypes; Botanical composition; Grazing effects; Monitoring; Rotations; Trifolium subterraneum 11 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 OK41C A comparison of continuous and rotational grazing in tallgrass prairie. McCollum, F.T.; Gillen, R.L. Stillwater, Okla. : The Service; 1992 Feb. Circular E - Oklahoma State University, Cooperative Extension Service (905): p. 17; 1992 Feb. In the series analytic: Range research highlights, 1983-1991 / edited by T.G. Bidwell, D. Titus and D. Cassels. Language: English Descriptors: Rotational grazing; Grazing systems; Prairies; Stocking rate; Liveweight gain 12 NAL Call. No.: SF207.B442 Comparison of conventional and intensive grazing management on two forage types in a beef cow-calf system. Fisher, J.C.; Bolze, R.P. Wooster, Ohio : The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center; 1988 Mar. Beef cattle research report (88-1): p. 22-30; 1988 Mar. In subseries: Animal Science Series. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Grazing intensity; Grazing time; Festuca arundinacea; Dactylis glomerata; Trifolium pratense; Conception rate; Beef production; Growth; Liveweight gain; Weight losses 13 NAL Call. No.: SB193.F59 Continous versus rapid rotational grazing of 'Tifton-44' bermudagrass by steers at varying stocking rate. Kee, D.D.; Bransby, D.I.; Gamble, B.E.; Ivey, H.W. Columbia, Mo. : American Forage and Grassland Council; 1991. Proceedings of the Forage and Grassland Conference. p. 198-201; 1991. Meeting held April 1-4, 1991, Columbia, Missouri. Language: English Descriptors: Steers; Grazing systems; Stocking rate; Cynodon dactylon; Pastures 14 NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.1223 Controlled grazing. Land Stewardship Project (U.S.) Lewiston, MN : Land Stewardship Project,; 1991. 1 videocassette (18 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. (Farming for the future: a farmer-to-farmer video series.). A Blue Moon production. Language: English Descriptors: Milk production; Cattle; Dairying; Grazing; Agricultural systems Abstract: This video provides examples of rotating grazing for farm animals and shows the increase in profit and milk production as a result of practicing rotation with both the livestock and the land use. 15 NAL Call. No.: SB193.F59 Controlled-rotation grazing of a bermudagrass-annual ryegrass 12-paddock cell with 2 herds. Dalrymple, R.L. Lexington, Ky. : The Conference; 1988. Proceedings of the Forage and Grassland Conference. p. 138-142; 1988. Language: English Descriptors: Steers; Cynodon dactylon; Lolium multiflorum; Grazing experiments; Pasture management; Rotational grazing; Liveweight gains; Costs 16 NAL Call. No.: 10 J822 Density of Trifolium repens plants in mixed swards under intensive grazing by sheep. Hay, M.J.M.; Brock, J.L.; Thomas, V.J. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1989 Aug. The Journal of agricultural science v. 113 (pt.1): p. 81-86; 1989 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: New Zealand; Trifolium repens; Crop density; Mixed pastures; Pasture management; Rotational grazing; Ewes; Lambs 17 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82 Desert mule deer use of grazed and ungrazed habitats. Ragotzkie, K.E.; Bailey, J.A. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1991 Sep. Journal of range management v. 44 (5): p. 487-490; 1991 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Arizona; Odocoileus hemionus; Cattle; Habitats; Habitat selection; Grazing effects; Grazing; Range pastures; Semi-desert scrub Abstract: We studied use of pastures and habitats in relation to moderate cattle grazing for 19 radio-collared desert mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus crooki) in a southeastern Arizona grass-shrubland. For each deer, use of grazed or ungrazed pastures and habitats in relation to their availability within the deer's home range was tested on a seasonal and annual basis. Deer, especially females during summer, tended to use currently ungrazed portions of their home range and dry wash habitats more than expected. Most deer showed a strong preference for ungrazed dry wash habitats, followed by grazed dry washes and ungrazed uplands. Although deer used grazed uplands less than expected based on availability, deer were still observed frequently in this abundant type. Deer use of currently ungrazed habitats may have been due to absence of cattle or to effects of recent cattle grazing in these habitats. During 2 years of favorable precipitation and forage conditions deer appeared to be adjusted to moderate rest- rotation cattle grazing. Leaving some areas periodically ungrazed might also provide a contingency for deer against impacts of cattle grazing during drought. 18 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N9C46 Design and characteristics of the twice-over rotation grazing system. Sedivec, K.K.; Barker, W.T. Fargo, N.D. : The University; 1991 Jun. NDSU Extension Service [publication] - North Dakota State University (R-1006): 7 p.; 1991 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rotational grazing; Grazing systems; Pastures; Water availability; Fencing; Yields; Wildlife conservation; Record keeping 19 NAL Call. No.: 60.19 SO83 The ecology and physiology of cool-season forages under intensive rotational grazing systems. Dougherty, C.T. New Orleans, La. : U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; 1988 Dec. Proceedings of the Southern Pasture and Forage Crop Improvement Conference. p. 41-43; 1988 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Forage crops; Cold resistance; Grasses; Rotational grazing; Grazing intensity; Plant physiology; Plant ecology; Tillering; Plant morphology; Adaptability 20 NAL Call. No.: 60.19 SO83 Ecology and physiology of warm season forages in intensive rotational grazing systems. Rouquette, F.M. Jr New Orleans, La. : U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; 1988 Dec. Proceedings of the Southern Pasture and Forage Crop Improvement Conference. p. 44-47; 1988 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Forage crops; Grasses; Rotational grazing; Grazing intensity; Plant physiology; Plant ecology; Experimental plots; Grazing experiments 21 NAL Call. No.: SB193.F59 The economic impact of intensive grazing management of fifteen dairy farms in New York State. Emmick, D.L.; Toomer, L.F. Columbia, Mo. : American Forage and Grassland Council; 1991. Proceedings of the Forage and Grassland Conference. p. 19-22; 1991. Meeting held April 1-4, 1991, Columbia, Missouri. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: New York; Grassland management; Intensive production; Dairy farming; Economic impact 22 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68 Economics of lamb production on wheatgrasses and wheatgrass- sainfoin pastures. Karnezos, T.P.; Matches, A.G. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Apr. Journal of production agriculture v. 5 (2): p. 290-294; 1992 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Southern plains states of U.S.A.; Sheep; Lamb production; Agropyron; Onobrychis; Thinopyrum; Rotational grazing; Monoculture; Mixed cropping; Mixed pastures; Irrigated pastures; Production costs; Returns; Gross margins; Liveweight gain; Spring; Summer 23 NAL Call. No.: SB197.B7 The effect of annual and spring stocking rates on beef cow and calf performance in north-west Spain. Osoro, K. Hurley, Berkshire : The Society; 1988. Occasional symposium - British Grassland Society (22): p. 235-238; 1988. Paper presented at the "Conference organised jointly with the British Society of Animal Production," November 3-5, 1987, Peebles, Scotland. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Spain; Beef cows; Calves; Pastures; Rotational grazing; Stocking rate; Liveweight gains; Body weight; Herbage; Digestibility; Weaning weight 24 NAL Call. No.: QH547.I55 Effect of genetic type, lactation and management on helminth infection of ewes in an intensive grazing system on irrigated pasture. Gruner, L.; Bouix, J.; Cabaret, J.; Boulard, C.; Cortet, J.; Sauve, C.; Molenat, G.; Calamel, M. Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1992 Nov. International journal for parasitology v. 22 (7): p. 919-925; 1992 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: France; Sheep; Ewes; Romanov; Arles merino; Trichostrongylus vitrinus; Teladorsagia circumcincta; Dictyocaulus filaria; Nematode infections; Ewe lactation; Grazing systems; Pastures Abstract: A survey of helminth infection was conducted in a flock of 290 ewes distributed into Romanov (R), Merinos d'Arles (M) and Romanov X Merinos (R X M) genetic types, grazing irrigated pasture in the south of France. Faecal egg and larval counts were done seven times per year from 1981 to 1984 on homogeneous groups of ewes and then individually once to four times every; autumn from 1985 to 1988. Helminth fauna was diverse and more abundant during autumn. High levels of strongyle infection occurred in the ewes that remained on the same irrigated pastures during summer. Moving to Alpian pastures during the summer lowered autumnal infection. Significant differences between genotypes in intensity of infection were observed in the order R > R X M > M for strongyles (Teladorsagia circumcincta and or Trichostrongylus vitrinus, Chabertia ovina and/or Oesophagostomum venulosum, Nematodirus spp.), Moniezia spp. and Dictyocaulus filaria. The hierarchy was reversed for Fasciola hepatica infection and not consistent from one year to another for protostrongylid infections. The effect of lactation intensity on the postparturient rise was studied by equilibrating number of ewes according to reproductive status (zero, one or two lambs in lactation). Merino ewes with two lambs in lactation, as well as primiparous Romanov ewes, had significantly higher strongyle infections than the others. The repeatabilities of the larval and egg counts between the four trial years were 0.24. 0.23 and 0.16, respectively, for protostrongyles, Nematodirus and strongyles, with higher intra-annual values for protostrongyles and inconsistently significant results for strongyles due to the presence of several species. 25 NAL Call. No.: SB197.A1T7 Effect of plant age and harvest date in the dry season on yield and quality of Gliricidia sepium in southern Nigeria. Adejumo, J.O. St Lucia : Tropical Grassland Society of Australia; 1992 Mar. Tropical grasslands v. 26 (1): p. 21-24; 1992 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Nigeria; Gliricidia sepium; Dry season; Harvesting date; Maturity stage; Crop yield; Forage; Crop quality; Dry matter accumulation; In vitro digestibility; Protein content; Crude protein; Fiber content; Lignin; Cell wall components; Mineral content 26 NAL Call. No.: 60.19 B773 Effect of seed crop management on the potential seed yield of contrasting white clover varieties. I. Inflorescence production. Marshall, A.H.; Hollington, P.A.; Hides, D.H. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1989 Jun. Grass and forage science : the journal of the British Grassland Society v. 44 (2): p. 181-188; 1989 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: United Kingdom; Sheep; Trifolium repens; Varieties; Seed production; Seed crops; Crop management; Inflorescences; Defoliation; Rotational grazing; Yield components; Yields 27 NAL Call. No.: 60.19 B773 The effect of the duration of regrowth on photosynthesis, leaf death and the average rate of growth in a rotationally grazed sward. Parsons, A.J.; Penning P.D. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1988 Mar. Grass and forage science : the journal of the British Grassland Society v. 43 (1): p. 15-27; 1988 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: England; Sheep; Lolium perenne; Rotational grazing; Regrowth; Grass sward; Photosynthesis; Leaves; Duration; Defoliation; Canopy; Mathematical models; Yield increases 28 NAL Call. No.: 10.5 IR45 Effects of autumn closing date and grazing severity in a rotationally grazed sward during winter and spring. 1. Dry matter production. Carton, O.T.; Brereton, A.J.; O'Keeffe, W.F.; Keane, G.P. Dublin : An Foras Taluntais; 1988. Irish journal of agricultural research v. 27 (2/3): p. 141-150; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ireland; Grasslands; Lolium perenne; Rotational grazing; Grazing effects; Grazing intensity; Grazing time; Pasture management; Yield components; Dry matter; Holstein- friesian; Steers; Winter; Spring; Temperatures 29 NAL Call. No.: 10.5 IR45 Effects of autumn closing date and grazing severity in a rotationally grazed sward during winter and spring. 2. Tissue turnover. Carton, O.T.; Brereton, A.J.; O'Keeffe, W.F.; Keane, G.P. Dublin : An Foras Taluntais; 1988. Irish journal of agricultural research v. 27 (2/3): p. 151-165; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ireland; Grasslands; Lolium perenne; Rotational grazing; Grazing intensity; Grazing time; Pasture management; Steers; Holstein-friesian; Winter; Spring 30 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 OK41C Effects of cattle stock density on trampling loss of simulated ground nests. Jensen, H.P.; Rollins, D.; Gillen, R.L. Stillwater, Okla. : The Service; 1992 Feb. Circular E - Oklahoma State University, Cooperative Extension Service (905): p. 36; 1992 Feb. In the series analytic: Range research highlights, 1983-1991 / edited by T.G. Bidwell, D. Titus and D. Cassels. Language: English Descriptors: Colinus Virginianus; Birds; Nests; Losses; Rotational grazing; Wildlife management; Grazing effects 31 NAL Call. No.: SF380.I52 Effects of grazing strategy and stocking rates on wool quality and yield in the Andean altiplano of Peru. Carey, J.A.; Craddock, B.F.; Florez, A.; Bryant, F.C. New York : Elsevier; 1988 Jun. Small ruminant research v. 1 (2): p. 127-134; 1988 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Peru; Ewes; Wool production; Corriedale; Rotational grazing; Mixed grazing; Stocking rate; Fiber quality; Lactation 32 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82 Effects of herbage allowance on defoliation patterns of tallgrass prairie. Jensen, H.P.; Gillen, R.L.; McCollum, F.T. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1990 Sep. Journal of range management v. 43 (5): p. 401-406; 1990 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Andropogon gerardii; Sorghastrum nutans; Schizachyrium scoparium; Prairies; Grazing trials; Grazing intensity; Grazing effects; Herbage; Tillers; Leaf area; Feeding preferences; Grazing behavior; Rotational grazing; Feeding frequency; Grazing time 33 NAL Call. No.: 79.9 W52 The effects of intensive grazing on ox-eye daisy. Wallander, R.T.; Olson, B.E.; Fay, P.K.; Olson-Rutz, K. Reno, Nev. : The Society; 1991. Proceedings - Western Society of Weed Science v. 44: p. 91-94; 1991. Meeting held March 12-14, 1991, Seattle Washington. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Leucanthemum vulgare; Weed control; Grazing effects; Cattle 34 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82 Effects of seasonal rest in aboveground biomass for a native grassland of the flood Pampa, Argentina. Hidalgo, L.G.; Cauhepe, M.A. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1991 Sep. Journal of range management v. 44 (5): p. 471-474; 1991 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Argentina norte; Natural grasslands; Grasses; Botanical composition; Biomass production; Grazing systems; Rotational grazing; Floodlands; Paspalum dilatatum; Bothriochloa; Yields; Grazing intensity; Sporobolus indicus; Seasonal variation Abstract: Changes in total biomass and botanical composition in a native pasture of the Flooding Pampa in the Salado River Basin (Province of Buenos Aires), under 3 grazing systems: spring-summer rest (November, December, and January); fall rest April, May, and June), and continuous grazing were evaluated from October 1979 to August 1981. A variable stocking rate based on available forage was used. Total aboveground biomass was periodically sampled to ground level and separated into dead and green components. The green biomass was subdivided into individual species. Total aboveground biomass averaged 4,600 +/- 445 kg . ha-1 and 3,750 +/- 120 kg . ha-1 for the spring-summer rest treatment during the first and second years, respectively. In the same period, warm-season species increased, principally due to an increase in dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) and bluestem (Bothriochloa laguroides Herter) biomass. Total aboveground biomass yield was 2,000 +/- 170 kg . ha-1 during the fall rest treatment, and cool-season species such as Poa spp. and Stipa spp. increased. In general, continuous grazing at a moderate intensity resulted in total aboveground biomass of about 2,000 kg DM . ha-1 throughout the experimental period. Contributions of warm-season and cool-season species did not change. Only West Indies smutgrass (Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br.) increased under continuous grazing. 35 NAL Call. No.: SB197.A1T7 Effects of trees on nutritional quality of understorey gramineous forage in tropical savannas. Belsky, A.J. St Lucia : Tropical Grassland Society of Australia; 1992 Mar. Tropical grasslands v. 26 (1): p. 12-20; 1992 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Kenya; Savanna woodlands; Tropics; Acacia tortilis; Adansonia digitata; Undergrowth; Forage; Pasture plants; Nutritive value; Crop quality; In vitro digestibility; Fiber content; Lignin; Cellulose; Mineral content 36 NAL Call. No.: 100 T31P Evaluation of a rotational feeding program for finishing cattle. Hutcheson, D.P.; Chirase, N.K. College Station, Tex. : The Station; 1990 Mar. PR - Texas Agricultural Experiment Station (4690-4729): p. 148-151; 1990 Mar. Language: English Descriptors: Steers; Crossbreds; Grazing; Sown pastures; Wheat; Pens; Feeding; Diets; Lasalocid; Chlortetracycline; Feed intake; Liveweight gains; Carcass quality 37 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.A77 Evaluation of an herbage-based method for adjusting short duration grazing periods. Mosley, J.C.; Dahl, B.E. New York, N.Y. : Springer; 1990. Applied agricultural research v. 5 (2): p. 142-148; 1990. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Steers; Rotational grazing; Controlled grazing; Grazing trials; Grazing time; Herbage; Moisture content; Crude protein; Digestibility; Weight gain; Quercus havardii; Rangelands Abstract: Livestock nutrition and performance under short duration grazing (SDG) possibly could be enhanced by incorporating flexible grazing periods (i.e., varying the number of days a pasture is grazed without interruption). This study evaluated a method that used available herbage as an indicator for adjusting length of grazing periods for SDG on rangeland. A controlled grazing trial was conducted using four simulated six-pasture SDG systems on sand shinnery oak (Quercus havardii) rangeland on the Rolling Plains of Texas. There were four grazing cycles during the five-month grazing season. Each system was variably stocked with four tester steers and up to five additional grazer steers. Steers in two of the systems were rotated between pastures according to a fixed, seven-day grazing period (control). Steers grazing the remaining two systems were rotated independently according to available herbage (flexible rotation). Available herbage was determined at the beginning of each pasture's grazing period by clipping current annual herbaceous growth within 0.4-m2 (4.8-ft2) quadrats. Grazing periods for flexible rotations varied from 0-14 days. Herbage crude protein, herbage digestibility, herbage moisture content, available herbage, and animal gain were not improved (P > 0.10) by rotating steers flexibly according to available herbage when compared to rotating steers every seven days. Therefore, our technique using available herbage to adjust grazing periods for SDG was not advantageous under conditions of this study. 38 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792 An evaluation of the production potential of six tropical grasses under grazing. 1. Yield and yield components, growth rates and phenology. Hacker, J.B.; Evans, T.R. East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1992. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 32 (1): p. 19-27; 1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Queensland; Digitaria decumbens; Pennisetum clandestinum; Setaria sphacelata; Production possibilities; Crop yield; Grassland management; Growth rate; Phenology; Rotational grazing; Steers; Tropical grasslands; Yield components 39 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792 An evaluation of the production potential of six tropical grasses under grazing. 2. Assessment of quality using variable stocking rates. Evans, T.R.; Hacker, J.B. East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1992. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 32 (1): p. 29-37; 1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Queensland; Digitaria decumbens; Pennisetum clandestinum; Setaria sphacelata; Tropical grasslands; Production possibilities; Crop quality; Grassland management; Rotational grazing; Stocking rate; Liveweight gain; Animal production 40 NAL Call. No.: S601.A34 Evolution of vegetation under intensive grazing: two examples in North-western Italian mountains. Acutis, M.; Pascal, G.; Reyneri, A.; Siniscalco, C. Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1989 Nov. Agriculture, ecosystems and environment v. 27 (1/4): p. 347-359; 1989 Nov. Proceedings of an International Symposium on Agricultural Ecology and Environment held April 5-7, 1988, Padova, Italy. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Italy; Mountain grasslands; Abandoned land; Grazing intensity; Grazing effects; Plant succession; Plant competition; Vegetation types; Evolution 41 NAL Call. No.: SF207.B4 Facts about short-duration grazing. Bryant, F.C. Bryan, Tex. : Lang Printing; 1990. Beef cattle science handbook v. 24: p. 89-112; 1990. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Forage; Grassland management; Grazing experiments; Rotational grazing; Stocking density; Rain; Soil types; Biomass production 42 NAL Call. No.: S1.N32 The farm they couldn't plow under. Kendall, D. Emmaus, Pa. : Regenerative Agriculture Association; 1988 Nov. The New farm v. 10 (7): p. 16-17, 62-63. ill; 1988 Nov. Language: English Descriptors: Montana; Cattle farming; Fodder crops; Organic farming; Protein content; Rotations; Fertilizers; Costs; Soil testing; Drought; Grazing systems; Appropriate technology 43 NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.1212 Farmer to farmer strategies for sustainable agriculture.. Field crops Rotational grazing Vegetables IPM for vegetables and small fruits IPM for apples High-value marketing High value marketing Rodale Institute, Rooy Media (Firm) Frederick, Md. : Rooy Media ; Emmaus, Pa. : Distributed by Rodale Institue,; 1991. 6 videocassettes (180 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. + 1 video resource and viewing guide (13 p.).. "Partial funding for this video series and the ... guide was provided by a grant from USDA's Low-Input Sustainable Agriculture Program, Northeast Region"--P. [i] of guide. Language: English Descriptors: Sustainable agriculture; Pests; Grazing Abstract: Using farmers to talk to their peers informally and frankly about their experiences with sustainable agriculture, the videos are designed to help farmers get acquainted with six key strategies for sustainable agriculture. Photographed over the course of a growing season, the structure allows for an introduction to the six subjects, while promoting follow-up discussion after viewing each video. 44 NAL Call. No.: SF85.A1R32 Fire department uses torches to help its neighbors. Merz, D.F. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1991 Feb. Rangelands v. 13 (1): p. 31-32; 1991 Feb. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Range management; Prescribed burning; Rotational grazing; Goats; Fire effects 45 NAL Call. No.: 23 R88 Fire, supplements, and cattle production in the far north. Davidson, S. East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1988. Rural research : a CSIRO quarterly (138): p. 9-14; 1988. Language: English Descriptors: Australian northern territory; Queensland; Beef production; Feed supplements; Grassland management; Liveweight gain; Prescribed burning; Rotational grazing; Savannas 46 NAL Call. No.: SF85.A1R32 Florida ranchers manage for deer. Fults, G.A. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1991 Feb. Rangelands v. 13 (1): p. 28-30; 1991 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Florida; Range management; Odocoileus Virginianus; Hunting; Leases; Prescribed burning; Plant communities; Rotational grazing 47 NAL Call. No.: 6 AR44 For the past 20 years--rest-rotation grazing on the Arizona Strip. Hughes, L.E. Spokane, Wash. : The Journal; 1989 Apr. Arizona farmer-stockman v. 68 (4): p. 16-18. ill; 1989 Apr. Language: English Descriptors: Arizona; Cattle; Rangelands; Grazing systems; Rotational grazing; Fallow systems; Vigor; Seed production; Plant establishment; Arid zones 48 NAL Call. No.: SB193.F59 Forage production of intensive grazing management systems for cow-calf and stocker herds in Illinois. Kaiser, C.J.; Saxe, T.D.; Ahrenholz, R.; Frank, R.W.; Plumer, M.D. Belleville, Pa. : American Forage and Grassland Council; 1990. Proceedings of the Forage and Grassland Conference. p. 147-151; 1990. Paper presented at the "Forage and Grassland Conference," June 6-9, 1990, Blacksburg, Virginia. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Illinois; Cattle; Grazing intensity; Stocking rate; Grassland management 49 NAL Call. No.: SF85.4.A8A97 Forage utilization by sheep and kangaroos in a semi-arid woodland. Wilson, A.D. Cottesloe, W.A. : Australian Rangeland Society; 1991. The rangeland journal v. 13 (2): p. 81-90; 1991. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Australia; Sheep; Kangaroos; Semiarid zones; Grasslands; Woodlands; Forage; Stocking rate; Animal competition; Rotational grazing; Grazing experiments; Rain 50 NAL Call. No.: aS622.S6 GPCP aids drought stricken area. Wilder, L.; Deutscher, A. Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1988 Oct. Soil & water conservation news - U.S. Deptartment of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service v. 9 (7): p. 6-7. ill; 1988 Oct. Language: English Descriptors: North Dakota; Rotational grazing; Federal programs; Usda; Contract farming; Soil and water conservation 51 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 M58B Grasses and legumes for intensive grazing in Michigan. Moline, W.J.; Middleton, J.M.; Plummer, R. East Lansing, Mich. : The Service; 1991 Nov. Extension bulletin E - Cooperative Extension Service, Michigan State University (2307): 6 p.; 1991 Nov. Language: English Descriptors: Michigan; Fodder plants; Fodder legumes; Pasture plants; Grassland management 52 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.K4K42 Grazing alfalfa. Lacefield, G.; Burris, R.; Dougherty, C.; Absher, C. Lexington, Ky. : The Service; 1990 Feb. ID - University of Kentucky, Cooperative Extension Service (97): 3 p.; 1990 Feb. Language: English Descriptors: Medicago sativa; Bloat; Rotational grazing; Stocking rate 53 NAL Call. No.: S916.I2F6 Grazing systems and prescribed fire can mix. Jirik, S.J.; Bunting, S.C. Moscow, Idaho : The Station; 1989 May. Focus on renewable natural resources - University of Idaho, Forest, Wildlife and Range Experiment Station v. 14: p. 4. ill; 1989 May. Language: English Descriptors: Rotational grazing; Sage; Grasslands; Agropyron spicatum; Sitanion hystrix; Prescribed burning; Rotational grazing; Simulation; Responses; Growth; Vigor; Herbage; Production 54 NAL Call. No.: SF85.A1R32 Grazing systems in Wyoming--impacts of grazing pressure and livestock distribution. Hart, R.H.; Samuel, M.J.; Waggoner, J.W. Jr; Smith, M.A. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1991 Feb. Rangelands v. 13 (1): p. 12-16; 1991 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Wyoming; Beef cattle; Controlled grazing; Grazing intensity; Rotational grazing; Soil water; Permeability; Forage; Liveweight gain; Profitability; Stocking rate; Grazing effects 55 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82 Grazing systems, pasture size, and cattle grazing behavior, distribution and gains. Hart, R.H.; Bissio, J.; Samuel, M.J.; Waggoner, J.W. Jr Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1993 Jan. Journal of range management v. 46 (1): p. 81-87; 1993 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Grazing systems; Rotational grazing; Duration; Grazing time; Controlled grazing; Pastures; Size; Grazing behavior; Liveweight gain; Drinking water; Distance travelled Abstract: Reduced pasture size and distance to water may be responsible for the alleged benefits of intensive time- controlled rotation grazing systems. We compared cattle gains, activity, distance traveled, and forage utilization on a time- controlled rotation system with eight 24-ha pastures, on two 24-ha pastures grazed continuously (season-long), and on a 207-ha pasture grazed continuously, all stocked at the same rate. Utilization on the 207-ha pasture, but not on the 24-ha pastures, declined with distance from water. At distances greater than 3 km from water in the 207-ha pasture, utilization was significantly less than on adjacent 24-ha pastures, at distances of 1.0 to 1.6 km from water. Cows on the 207-ha pasture travelled farther (6.1 km/day) than cows on the 24-ha rotation pastures (4.2 km/day), which traveled farther than cows on the 24-ha continuously grazed pastures (3.2 km/day). Grazing system, range site, slope, and weather had minimal effects on cow activity patterns. Gains of cows and calves were less on the 207-ha pasture (0.24 and 0.77 kg/day, respectively) than on the 24-ha rotation pastures or 24-ha continuously grazed pastures (0.42 and 0.89 kg/da, respectively), with no differences between the latter. Calculated "hoof action" on the rotation pastures was less than that demonstrated to increase seed burial and seedling emergence. Intensive rotation grazing systems are unlikely to benefit animal performance unless they reduce pasture size and distance to water below previous levels, decreasing travel distance and increasing uniformity of grazing. 56 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82 Grazing systems, stocking rates, and cattle behavior in southeastern Wyoming. Hepworth, K.W.; Test, P.S.; Hart, R.H.; Waggoner, J.W. Jr; Smith, M.A. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1991 May. Journal of range management v. 44 (3): p. 259-262; 1991 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Wyoming; Steers; Beef cattle; Grazing behavior; Grazing systems; Rotational grazing; Stocking rate; Distance travelled; Grazing time; Grazing intensity; Grazing trials; Liveweight gain Abstract: Grazing systems and stocking rates are used to influence livestock grazing behavior with the intent of improving livestock and vegetation performance. In 1982, a study was initiated to determine effects of continuous, rotationally deferred, and short-duration rotation grazing and moderate and heavy stocking rates on steer gains, range vegetation, and distance traveled by and activity patterns of steers. Steers were observed from dawn to dark on 12 dates during 1983, 1984, and 1985, and activity recorded every 15 minutes. Eight steers per treatment (system X stocking rate combination) per date were observed in 1983 and 1984, and 10 per treatment in 1985. In 1984 and 1985, map locations of all steers were recorded at the same times as activity, and distance traveled summed from distances between successive map locations. In 1984, activity of 3 steers per treatment was electronically monitored during darkness. Steers grazed approximately 8.6 hr per day during daylight and 1.6 hr during darkness. Steers grazed an average of 8.9 hr/day during daylight under moderate vs 8.1 hr under heavy stocking, but stocking rate interacted with date in 1984 and grazing system in 1985. Steers traveled farther under continuous than under short-duration rotation grazing at both stocking rates in 1984, but only at the high stocking rate in 1985. Steers had to travel farther to water in the continuous pastures, and may have had to cover a greater area in an effort to select a more desirable diet, particularly under heavy stocking. These differences were not reflected in differences in gain among stocking rates or grazing systems. 57 NAL Call. No.: SF951.J65 Growth yearling horses managed in continuous or rotational grazing systems at three levels of forage-on-offer. Webb, G.W.; Conrad, B.E.; Hussey, M.A.; Potter, G.D. Lake Elsinore, Calif. : William E. Jones, DVM; 1989 Sep. Journal of equine veterinary science v. 9 (5): p. 258-261; 1989 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Horses; Grazing systems; Rotational grazing; Stocking rate; Growth; Weight gain; Forage; Quality 58 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 M58B Hay and pasture for horses in the north central United States. Moline, W.J.; Plummer, R. East Lansing, Mich. : The Service; 1991 Apr. Extension bulletin E - Cooperative Extension Service, Michigan State University v.): 7 p.; 1991 Apr. Language: English Descriptors: North central states of U.S.A.; Horses; Pastures; Grassland management; Pasture plants; Rotational grazing 59 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 OK41C Herbage dynamics of tallgrass prairie under short duration grazing. Brummer, J.E.; Gillen, R.L.; McCollum, F.T. Stillwater, Okla. : The Service; 1992 Feb. Circular E - Oklahoma State University, Cooperative Extension Service (905): p. 20; 1992 Feb. In the series analytic: Range research highlights, 1983-1991 / edited by T.G. Bidwell, D. Titus and D. Cassels. Language: English Descriptors: Rotational grazing; Herbage crops; Grazing effects; Stocking rate 60 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82 Herbage production of Mediterranean grassland under seasonal and yearlong grazing systems. Gutman, M.; Seligman, N.G.; Noy-Meir, I. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1990 Jan. Journal of range management v. 43 (1): p. 64-68; 1990 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Israel; Mediterranean countries; Cows; Forage; Rotational grazing; Grazing systems; Supplementary feeding; Grazing trials; Liveweight gains; Herbage; Performance traits 61 NAL Call. No.: 6 AR44 HRM just part of complete package on Bar Flying V Ranch. Shannon, M. Spokane, Wash. : The Journal; 1989 May. Arizona farmer-stockman v. 68 (5): p. 6, 8-9. ill; 1989 May. Language: English Descriptors: Arizona; Cattle; Ranching; Beef production; Resource management; Holistic approach; Arid zones; Grazing systems; Overgrazing; Productivity 62 NAL Call. No.: HD1.A3 Impact of agronomic and economic factors on farm profitability. Hansen, B.R.; Krause, M.A. Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1989. Agricultural systems v. 30 (4): p. 369-390; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: South australia; Farm profit; Profitability; Cereals; Sheep; Grazing; Tillage; Rotations; Linear programming; Computer simulation; Simulation models; Economics; Agronomy; Farm management 63 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Implant and copper oxide needles for steers grazing Acremonium coenophialum-infected tall fescue pastures: effects on grazing and subsequent feedlot performance and serum constituents. Coffey, K.P.; Moyer, J.L.; Lomas, L.W.; Smith, J.E.; La Rue, D.C.; Brazle, F.K. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1992 Oct. Journal of animal science v. 70 (10): p. 3203-3214; 1992 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Steers; Cuprous oxide; Blood serum; Festuca arundinacea; Acremonium coenophialum; Grazing experiments; Ceruloplasmin; Fattening performance; Rotational grazing; Progesterone; Estradiol; Controlled release; Carcass composition Abstract: Two experiments were conducted to compare the effects of a progesterone-estradiol implant (PEI) with no implant (NI) and 20 g of copper oxide needles (CuON) with no CuON on grazing, subsequent feedlot performance, and selected serum constituents of steers. In Exp. 1, 114 Limousin crossbred yearling steers (317 kg average initial BW) were stocked continuously on Acremonium coenophialum-infected tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)-ladino clover (Trifolium repens L.) pastures (C) or were rotated to bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers.) during summer months (R) of two consecutive years. Implant and copper treatments were applied within pasture. Blood samples were collected four times during each grazing season. Continuously stocked steers had greater (P < .05) grazing gain, less (P < .10) feedlot gain, and heavier (P < .05) carcass weights than R steers did. Implanted steers had greater (P < .05) pasture but lesser (P < .05) feedlot gains than did NI steers. Prolactin concentrations were greater (P < .05) from R than from C steers in late summer 1988. Ceruloplasmin was greater (P < .01) with CuON than without on the last three and last two sampling dates in 1988 and 1989, respectively. In Exp. 2, blood samples were collected twice from 40 mixed-breed steers (283 kg average initial BW receiving the same implant and copper treatments as in Exp. 1 and grazing infected fescue for one season. Serum ceruloplasmin and copper concentrations were increased (P < .01) by CuON, but other measurements did not differ among treatments. Summer grazing of bermudagrass increased serum copper, ceruloplasmin, and prolactin but decreased grazing performance. Implanting increased grazing performance. Copper oxide needles increased serum ceruloplasmin and copper concentrations but did not affect steer performance. 64 NAL Call. No.: SB193.F59 Implications of daily quality changes is rotationally grazed pasture for beef cattle. Morrow, R.E.; Schulze-Tate, V.G.; Gerrish, J.R.; Roberts, C.R. Columbia, Mo. : American Forage and Grassland Council; 1991. Proceedings of the Forage and Grassland Conference. p. 145-149; 1991. Meeting held April 1-4, 1991, Columbia, Missouri. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Rotational grazing; Mixed pastures; Forage; Quality 65 NAL Call. No.: SF207.B4 Improving forage-beef production and returns from grazing bermudagrass. Rouquette, M. Jr Bryan, Tex. : Lang Printing; 1988. Beef cattle science handbook v. 22: p. 309-320; 1988. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Beef production; Cynodon dactylon; Pasture management; Crossbreds; Sex differences; Breed differences; Grazing intensity; Rotational grazing; Liveweight; Cost benefit analysis 66 NAL Call. No.: SB193.F59 Improving overall forage quality by adding higher quality warm season grasses to the bermudagrass sward. Dalrymple, R.L.; Flatt, B. Georgetown, Tx. : American Forage and Grassland Council; 1992. Proceedings of the Forage and Grassland Conference v. 1: p. 41-43; 1992. Language: English Descriptors: Oklahoma; Cynodon dactylon; Grasses; Fodder crops; Rotational grazing 67 NAL Call. No.: SF85.A1R32 Improving riparian habitats. Floyd, D.; Ogden, P.; Roundy, B.; Ruyle, G.; Stewart, D. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1988 Jun. Rangelands v. 10 (3): p. 132-134. ill., maps; 1988 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Arizona; Range management; Rotational grazing; Riparian forests; National forests; Habitat improvement; Wetlands; Ecosystems; Nature conservancy; Wildlife conservation 68 NAL Call. No.: 60.19 B773 Influence of defoliation regime on herbage production and characteristics of intake by dairy cows as affected by grazing intensity. Kristensen, E.S. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1988 Sep. Grass and forage science : the journal of the British Grassland Society v. 43 (3): p. 239-251; 1988 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Denmark; Dairy cows; Lolium perenne; Herbage; Plant production; Stocking rate; Grazing intensity; Feed intake; Defoliation; Growth rate; Yields; Rotational grazing; Cutting frequency 69 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822 The influence of intensively managed rotational grazing, traditional continuous grazing, and confinement housing on bulk tank milk quality and udder health. Goldberg, J.J.; Wildman, E.E.; Pankey, J.W.; Kunkel, J.R.; Howard, D.B.; Murphy, B.M. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1992 Jan. Journal of dairy science v. 75 (1): p. 96-104; 1992 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Vermont; Dairy cows; Rotational grazing; Zero grazing; Selective grazing; Bovine mastitis; Udders; Teats; Bulk milk; Milk tanks; Dairy farms; Teat dip; Microbial contamination; Milk quality; Plate count Abstract: Monthly bulk tank milk samples and veterinary records were analyzed for 1 yr on 15 Vermont dairy farms. Data were evaluated using ANOVA to compare effects of grazing management systems on milk quality and udder health. Systems evaluated were intensively managed rotational grazing, traditional continuous grazing, and confinement housing. Bulk tank samples were evaluated for standard plate count, bacterial type counts on tryptose-blood-esculin agar, and SCC. Veterinary records were evaluated for incidence of clinical mastitis, udder edema, and teat injuries. Within- and between- treatment group analyses were conducted by season, herd size, and udder sanitation systems. Mean standard plate counts were lower in rotationally grazed herds than counts of confined herds during die grazing season. Similarly, rotationally grazed herds with fewer than 60 cows had lower standard plate counts than confined herds of similar size. Mean bulk tank counts of streptococci other than Streptococcus agalactiae during the grazing season differed among treatments. The lowest counts occurred in rotationally grazed herds. Among herd using predip products recognized as efficacious, fewer streptococci other than S. agalactiae were isolated from bulk tank milk of rotationally grazed herds than confined herds. Rotationally grazed herds using postdips recognized as efficacious had lower SCC than those using unrecognized postdips. No udder health differences were observed among grazing treatments. 70 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 OK41C Influence of short duration grazing on quality of cattle diets in central Oklahoma. McCollum, F.T.; Gillen, R.L.; Brummer, J.E. Stillwater, Okla. : The Service; 1992 Feb. Circular E - Oklahoma State University, Cooperative Extension Service (905): p. 27-28; 1992 Feb. In the series analytic: Range research highlights, 1983-1991 / edited by T.G. Bidwell, D. Titus and D. Cassels. Language: English Descriptors: Oklahoma; Rotational grazing; Cattle; Protein intake; Prairies 71 NAL Call. No.: S69.R47 The innovation of tradition--low-cost, low input alternatives for Maine farmers. Gauvin, M. Orono, Maine : The Station; 1988 Sep. Research for Maine and its people - Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Maine v. 1 (8): p. 2-8; 1988 Sep. Language: English Descriptors: Maine; Alternative farming; Sustainability; Legumes; Rotations; Mixed cropping; Double cropping; Cultural weed control; Insect control; Rotational grazing; Grazing intensity 72 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C66 Intensified rotational grazing. Johnson, E.G. Lawrenceville, N.J. : Veterinary Learning Systems Company; 1989 Sep. The Compendium on continuing education for the practicing veterinarian v. 11 (9): p. 1135-1137; 1989 Sep. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Supplementary feeding; Rotational grazing; Alfalfa; Weight gain 73 NAL Call. No.: SB193.F59 Intensive grazing in arid regions. Heitschmidt, R.K. Lexington, Ky. : The Conference; 1988. Proceedings of the Forage and Grassland Conference. p. 340-353. ill; 1988. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Grazing systems; Intensive farming; Pasture management; Livestock; Ecosystems; Energy conservation; Arid regions 74 NAL Call. No.: 100 C12CAG Intensive grazing increases beef production. George, M.R.; Knight, R.S.; Sands, P.B.; Demment, M.W. Oakland, Calif. : Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California; 1989 Sep. California agriculture v. 43 (5): p. 16-19; 1989 Sep. Language: English Descriptors: California; Beef cattle; Beef production; Range management; Forage; Cattle feeding; Grazing intensity; Rotational grazing; Electric fences 75 NAL Call. No.: SB193.F59 Intensive grazing of cool season forages. Marten, G.C. Lexington, Ky. : The Conference; 1988. Proceedings of the Forage and Grassland Conference. p. 305-318. ill; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Grazing systems; Intensive farming; Forage crops; Cold tolerance; Pasture management; Ruminants; Stocking rate; Liveweight gains; Forage; Availability; Feed supplements 76 NAL Call. No.: SB193.F59 Intensive grazing of warm-season grasses in humid areas. Rouquette, F.M. Jr Lexington, Ky. : The Conference; 1988. Proceedings of the Forage and Grassland Conference. p. 319-339; 1988. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Grasses; Heat tolerance; Annuals; Perennials; Grazing systems; Intensive farming; Pasture management; Utilization; Diets; Grazing behavior; Stocking rate; Liveweight gains; Humid zones 77 NAL Call. No.: SF85.A1R32 Intensive grazing--precautions. Burleson, W.H.; Leininger, W.C. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1988 Aug. Rangelands v. 10 (4): p. 186-188; 1988 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Range management; Rangelands; Grazing systems; Grazing effects; Planning; Stocking rate; Efficiency; Planning; Operations research; Cash flow analysis 78 NAL Call. No.: 100 AL1H Intensive rotational grazing not always beneficial. Bransby, D.I.; Kee, D.D.; Gregory, W.H. Auburn University, Ala. : The Station; 1989. Highlights of agricultural research - Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station v. 36 (4): p. 3. ill; 1989. Language: English Descriptors: Alabama; Sown pastures; Steers; Intensive livestock farming; Rotational grazing; Liveweight gains; Stocking rate 79 NAL Call. No.: HD1.A3 Interactive effects of grazing system variables on simulated cattle production and stocking rate of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon). Senft, R.L.; Tharel, L.M. Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1989. Agricultural systems v. 31 (2): p. 205-220; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: South eastern states of U.S.A.; South central states of U.S.A.; Cynodon dactylon; Grazing systems; Beef production; Simulation models; Stocking rate; Growth models; Computer simulation 80 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P Lamb production on wheatgrasses and wheatgrass-sainfoin mixtures. Karnezos, T.P.; Matches, A.G. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Mar. Agronomy journal v. 83 (2): p. 278-286; 1991 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Lambs; Lamb production; Grazing trials; Forage; Agropyron cristatum; Agropyron desertorum; Hybrids; Elymus hispidus subsp. barbulatus; Elymus elongatus; Onobrychis viciifolia; Crop mixtures; Mixed pastures; Monoculture; Rotational grazing; Liveweight gain; Feed intake; Feed conversion; Herbage; Nutritive value; Crude protein; Digestibility Abstract: Previous research indicates that wheatgrasses (Agropyron and Thinopyron spp.) and sainfoin (Onobrychis spp.) produce high quality forage from early spring to summer on the Southern Great Plains. Little information is available on their potential for lamb (Ovis aries L.) production under grazing. Our objective was to determine levels of spring lamb production from three irrigated wheatgrasses, 'Hycrest' [A. cristatum (L.) Gaertner X A. desertorum (Fischer ex Link) Shatters], 'Luna' [T. intermedium subsp. barbulatum (Schur) Barkw. and D.R. Dewey], and 'Jose' [T. ponticum (Podp.) Barkw. and D.R. Dewey], grown alone and with 'Renumex' sainfoin (O. viciifolia Scop.). Replicated pastures grown on a Pullman clay loam (fine, mixed thermic Torrertic Paleustoll) were rotationally grazed (herbage allowance of 6.5% of body wt. d-1) by weaned Rambouillet X Suffolk wether lambs for an average of 77 d in spring of 1987 and 1988. Seasonal average daily gain (ADG) ranged between 45 and 69 g d-1 for monocultures and between 80 and 104 g d-1 for mixtures. Lamb production per hectare (PROD) for all mixtures was similar (463 kg ha-1), but higher than for monocultures (238 kg ha-1). Mixtures compared to monocultures had greater ADC (63%), feed conversion (55%), and intake (23%). For Jose and Jose- sainfoin, poor ADG after Week 7 was associated with low herbage crude protein (92-135 g kg-1) and organic matter digestibility (550-570 g kg-1). Jose (12.2 Mg ha-1) had the highest herbage accumulation and Hycrest (7.31 Mg ha-1) the lowest. Wheatgrasses, particularly when grown with sainfoin, provide good PROD during spring and early summer. 81 NAL Call. No.: 60.19 B773 Leaf age structure and canopy photosynthesis in rotationally and continuously grazed swards. Parsons, A.J.; Johnson, I.R.; Williams, J.H.H. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1988 Mar. Grass and forage science : the journal of the British Grassland Society v. 43 (1): p. 1-14; 1988 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: England; Sheep; Lolium perenne; Sward renovation; Grazing effects; Grass sward; Leaf age; Canopy; Photosynthesis; Rotational grazing; Grazing intensity; Defoliation; Regrowth; Yields; Mathematical models 82 NAL Call. No.: SF85.A1R32 Lehmann lovegrass and simple time control grazing. Cumming, K.J. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1989 Aug. Rangelands v. 11 (4): p. 150-153. ill., maps; 1989 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Arizona; Eragrostis lehmanniana; Range pastures; Rotational grazing; Beef cattle; Range management; Rehabilitation; Breeding season; Calf production; Plant introduction; Ripping; Sowing; Brush control 83 NAL Call. No.: SB197.A1T7 Liveweight gain from rotationally and continuously grazed pastures of Narok setaria and Samford rhodesgrass fertilized with-nitrogen in southeast Queensland. Jones, R.J.; Jones, R.M. Brisbane : Tropical Grassland Society of Australia; 1989 Sep. Tropical grasslands v. 23 (3): p. 135-142; 1989 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Queensland; Steers; Beef production; Setaria sphacelata; Chloris gayana; Grazing trials; Nutritive value; Liveweight gains; Rotational grazing; Grazing systems; Nitrogen fertilizers; Dry matter accumulation; Herbage; Crop yield 84 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822 Management and economic implications of intensive grazing on dairy farms in the northeastern states. Parker, W.J.; Muller, L.D.; Buckmaster, D.R. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1992 Sep. Journal of dairy science v. 75 (9): p. 2587-2597; 1992 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Pennsylvania; Dairy cows; Grazing; Dry feeding; Forage; Alfalfa; Maize; Land use; Agricultural land; Herbage Abstract: The effects of intensive grazing by dairy cattle on annual herbage utilization, forage and crop production, and net returns were compared with a drylot feeding system for a typical Pennsylvania dairy farm using linked spreadsheet models. The 80-ha case farm supported a herd of 53 cows and 48 replacements with a herd average of 6800 kg of milk/yr per cow. Annual feed consumption for the grazing farm included 173, 182, and 118 tonnes of pasture, stored forage, and concentrate DM, respectively. Corresponding tonnes of DM for the drylot feeding system were 47, 293, and 114. Net herbage production of 6589 kg of DM/ha was used for grazing (5350 kg of Dm/ha) and for hay (970 kg of Dm/ha), and 269 kg/ha were not utilized on the grazing farm. On the confined farm, herbage was used primarily for hay (4484 kg of Dm/ha) rather than for grazing (1446 kg of Dm/ha), and herbage loss amounted to 659 kg of Dm/ha. The gross margin was $121 per cow higher on the grazing farm. Despite this potential to improve the profitability of dairy farms, the low usage of intensive grazing in the northeastern US is likely to continue until dairy producers become confident 1) that milk production per cow can be maintained at a level similar to that for confined feeding or 2) that the relative price of concentrates, stored forage, and pasture change to favor grazing more. 85 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P Modeling lamb weight changes on wheatgrass and wheatgrass- sainfoin mixtures. Karnezos, T.P.; Matches, A.G. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Jan. Agronomy journal v. 84 (1): p. 5-10; 1992 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Lambs; Sheep; Grazing trials; Prediction; Liveweight gain; Mixed pastures; Agropyron cristatum; Agropyron desertorum; Elymus hispidus; Elymus elongatus; Onobrychis viciifolia; Crop mixtures; Hybrids; Irrigated pastures; Crop quality; Herbage; Crop yield; Forage; Mathematical models Abstract: Prediction of animal weight change (CUM) with regression models developed from grazing trials typically uses herbage parameters and CUM measured on the same day. We hypothesized that lamb (Ovis aries L.) CUM recorded at time t was a function of herbage quality and/or quantity measured at a previous harvest t - x (where x = days prior to measurement of CUM). Our objectives were (i) to determine if time series regression analysis (TSR) could be used to model CUM from three irrigated wheatgrasses, 'Hycrest' [Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertner X A. desertorum (Fischer ex Link) Shulters], 'Luna' [Thinopyrum intermedium subsp. barbulatum (Schur) Barkw. and D.R. Dewey], and 'Jose' [T. ponticum (Podp.) Barkw. and D.R. Dewey] grown alone and with 'Renumex' sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.), and (ii) to test the models. Replicated pastures grown on a fine, mixed thermic Torrertic Paleustolls were rotationally grazed by Rambouillet X Suffolk wether lambs for an average of 77 d in spring of 1987 and 1988. Herbage quality, quantity, and plant parts were estimated from pregrazing, after 2 and 4 d of grazing, and postgrazing (7 d) harvests and used as variables in TSR. For TSR models, lagged variables (t - x) were selected more (67-92% of total) than nonlagged variables (t), supporting our hypothesis. Time series regression models described CUM accurately (average R2 > 0.70), but selected variables were not consistent among treatments, time lags, or years. Model testing indicated poor predictive accuracy (r2 = 0.07-0.51), limiting the usefulness of projecting CUM across seasons and demonstrating the necessity of testing regression models. 86 NAL Call. No.: 382 SO12 Modification of in-vitro digestibility and cell-wall composition of cocksfoot, ryegrass and timothy by imazethapyr. Fales, S.L.; Bohn, P.J.; Hoover, R.J.; Karunanandaa, K. Essex : Elsevier Applied Science; 1991. Journal of the science of food and agriculture v. 54 (1): p. 71-78; 1991. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dactylis glomerata; Lolium; Phleum pratense; Imazethapyr; Nutritive value; Ruminants; Animal nutrition; Fiber; Plant growth regulators; Cinnamic acid; P-coumaric acid; Ferulic acid Abstract: Recent studies have shown that the compound imazethapyr (5-ethyl-2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2- imidazolin-2-yl)nicotinic acid) possesses growth regulatory activity and can be used to enhance nutritive value of grasses. However, little is known about possible effects of this material on fibre composition or potential fibre utilisation by ruminants. The objective of this research was to examine imazethapyr-treated cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L), ryegrass (Lolium perenne L X L multiflorum Lam), and timothy (Phleum pratense L) for possible treatment-induced changes in in-vitro digestibility and in concentrations of selected fibre constituents. Replicated field plots treated with imazethapyr at 0 (control) or 100 g ai ha-1 during the vegetative (pre-elongation) stage of growth were harvested when controls were in the early stage of inflorescence emergence. Samples taken from treated plots 4 weeks post- treatment had higher in-vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD), lower neutral detergent fibre (NDF), lower acid detergent fibre (ADF), lower cellulose, lignin, and higher hemicellulose concentrations compared with controls. Imazethapyr treatment also reduced the concentration of p- coumaric acid in NDF, but had no effect on ferulic acid. The treatment effect on in-vitro NDF disappearance, however, was inconsistent among the grass species and was statistically non-significant (P = 0.10), implying that, under the conditions of this study, imazethapyr-related enhancements in IVDMD can be attributed primarily to a reduction in the amount of NDF and its associated constituents, as opposed to qualitative differences in NDF composition. 87 NAL Call. No.: 49 AN55 Morphological alterations in the reproductive organs of ewe lambs reared on lucerne. Valderrabano, J.; Ramon, J.P.; Barberan, M. S.l. : Durrant; 1988 Oct. Animal production v. 47: p. 271-274; 1988 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Spain; Ewes; Lambs; Reproductive organs (animal); Morphology; Rotational grazing; Alfalfa; Lolium multiflorum 88 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312 Nematodirus infection in lambs on an alternate grazing system of husbandry. Coop, R.L.; Jackson, F.; Jackson, E.; Fitzsimons, J.; Lowman, B.G. London : British Veterinary Association; 1988 Jul. Research in veterinary science v. 45 (1): p. 62-67; 1988 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Cattle; Nematodirus battus; Rotational grazing; Epidemiology; Nematode infections 89 NAL Call. No.: S1.N32 New ideas for profitable farming. Tjepkema, J. Emmaus, Pa. : Rodale Institute; 1990 May. The New farm v. 12 (4): p. 6-8. maps; 1990 May. Language: English Descriptors: North central states of U.S.A.; Farming; Rotational grazing; Cover crops; Nitrogen fertilizers; Profitability 90 NAL Call. No.: SB193.F59 A new program for dairymen: the Dairy Lot Rotational Management System. Swisher, J.M. Jr Belleville, Pa. : American Forage and Grassland Council; 1990. Proceedings of the Forage and Grassland Conference. p. 181-184; 1990. Paper presented at the "Forage and Grassland Conference," June 6-9, 1990, Blacksburg, Virginia. Language: English Descriptors: Virginia; Dairy cows; Exercise; Paddocks; Rotational grazing 91 NAL Call. No.: 10 J822 Nodal structure and branching of Trifolium repens in pastures under intensive grazing by sheep. Hay, M.J.M.; Newton, P.C.D.; Thomas, V.J. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1991 Apr. The Journal of agricultural science v. 116 (pt.2): p. 221-228; 1991 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: New Zealand; Trifolium repens; Grassland management; Grazing effects; Grazing intensity; Plant morphology; Sheep; Stocking rate; Branching 92 NAL Call. No.: SF380.I52 Nutrition of herded sheep in the Andes of southern Peru. Fierro, L.C.; Bryant, F.C. New York : Elsevier; 1990 Mar. Small ruminant research v. 3 (2): p. 117-134. maps; 1990 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Peru; Sheep; Rotational grazing; Dry season; Wet season; Feed intake; Forage; Protein intake; Pasture plants; Edible species; Nutrient intake; Range pastures; Botanical composition; Energy intake; Stocking rate 93 NAL Call. No.: QH547.I55 Parasitological and immunological responses of genetically resistant Merino sheep on pastures contaminated with parasitic nematodes. Gray, G.D.; Barger, I.A.; Le Jambre, L.F.; Couch, P.G.C. Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1992 Jul. International journal for parasitology v. 22 (4): p. 417-425; 1992 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Haemonchus contortus; Trichostrongylus colubriformis; Ostertagia ostertagi; Nematode infections; Genetic resistance; Genotypes; Epizootiology; Pastures; Leukotrienes; Small intestine; Nematode larvae; Feces; Anthelmintics; Sheep diseases Abstract: One hundred and twenty lambs were grazed continuously from weaning until 9 months of age on 12 plots contaminated with larvae of three nematode species (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Ostertagia circumcincta). The lambs were sired by either a genetically resistant ram or susceptible rams (determined by the response of previous progeny to artificial H. contortus infection). Half the resistant and half the susceptible lambs were given strategic anthelmintic treatment and the remainder remained untreated. Faecal egg counts and blood packed cell volume were measured frequently in all animals. One and 5 months after weaning, two lambs from each plot were slaughtered, and worm burdens and larval establishment rates of the three species of nematode were estimated. At the second slaughter, leukotriene levels and larval migration inhibitory (LMI) activity were measured in mucus collected from the small intestine. The dominant species in all faecal samples and the gastrointestinal tract was T. colubriformis. Lambs of the resistant genotype had lower faecal worm egg counts, lower worm burdens and higher levels of resistance to larval establishment. There were no differences in larval migration inhibition (LMI) activity, but resistant lambs had higher levels of the leukotriene LTC4/D4/E4. Further, the resistant genotype, identified on responsiveness to artificial infections with H. contortus, was more resistant to infections of three important species acquired naturally from contaminated pastures. All these genetic differences were maintained while the lambs were subject to strategic anthelmintic treatment. 94 NAL Call. No.: SB197.A1T7 Pasture and animal productivity of buffel grass with Siratro, lucerne or nitrogen fertilizer. Mannetje, L. 't; Jones, R.M. St Lucia : Tropical Grassland Society of Australia; 1990 Dec. Tropical grasslands v. 24 (4): p. 269-281; 1990 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Queensland; Steers; Cattle; Macroptilium atropurpureum; Medicago sativa; Cenchrus ciliaris; Grazing trials; Mixed pastures; Sown grasslands; Natural grasslands; Botanical composition; Nitrogen fertilizers; Superphosphate; Crop yield; Herbage; Persistence; Crop quality; Nutritive value; Liveweight gain; Stocking rate; Rotational grazing; Grazing systems 95 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68 Performance of cows and calves with continuous or rotational stocking of endophyte-infested tall fescue-clover pastures. Chestnut, A.B.; Fribourg, H.A.; Onks, D.O.; McLaren, J.B.; Gwinn, K.D.; Mueller, M.A. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Jul. Journal of production agriculture v. 5 (3): p. 405-408; 1992 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Tennessee; Cattle; Calves; Rotational grazing; Grazing systems; Comparisons; Performance testing; Grazing experiments; Trifolium; Species; Acremonium coenophialum; Seasonal variation 96 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68 Performance of grazing Holstein heifers supplemented with slowly degraded protein. Fox, D.G.; Emmick, D.L.; Chase, L.E.; Sniffen, C.J. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Apr. Journal of production agriculture v. 4 (2): p. 225-228; 1991 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: New York; Dairy cows; Heifers; Calves; Fattening performance; Animal nutrition; Grazing trials; Rotational grazing; Protein supplements; Fish meal; Soybean oilmeal; Protein degradation; Liveweight gain; Grassland management; Forage; Availability; Quality; Crude protein; Fiber content; Plant protein; Hill land 97 NAL Call. No.: SB197.A1T7 Permanent pastures on a brigalow soil: changes in pasture yield and composition during the first five years. Silvey, M.W.; Jones, R.M. St Lucia : Tropical Grassland Society of Australia; 1990 Dec. Tropical grasslands v. 24 (4): p. 282-290; 1990 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Queensland; Cows; Panicum maximum var. trichoglume; Medicago sativa; Macroptilium atropurpureum; Neonotonia wightii; Subtropical soils; Vertisols; Permanent grasslands; Botanical composition; Sown grasslands; Mixed pastures; Superphosphate; Ammonium sulfate; Application rates; Rotational grazing; Stocking rate; Crop yield; Herbage; Crop quality 98 NAL Call. No.: SF85.A1R32 A pitch for Badger Creek. Schwien, J. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1991 Aug. Rangelands v. 13 (4): p. 181-182; 1991 Aug. Language: English Descriptors: Colorado; Streams; Rotational grazing; Riparian vegetation; Watersheds 99 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783 Plant attributes leading to persistence in grazed annual medics (Medicago spp.) growing in rotation with wheat. Cocks, P.S. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1992. Australian journal of agricultural research v. 43 (7): p. 1559-1570; 1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Syria; Medicago; Agronomic characteristics; Genotypes; Grazing effects; Hard seeds; Persistence; Rotations; Seed banks; Survival; Triticum 100 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 OK41C Plant community responses to short duration grazing in tallgrass prairie. Gillen, R.L.; McCollum, F.T.; Hodges, M.E.; Brummer, J.E.; Tate, K.W. Stillwater, Okla. : The Service; 1992 Feb. Circular E - Oklahoma State University, Cooperative Extension Service (905): p. 17-18; 1992 Feb. In the series analytic: Range research highlights, 1983-1991 / edited by T.G. Bidwell, D. Titus and D. Cassels. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Rotational grazing; Prairies; Herbage crops; Range management; Prescribed burning; Ambrosia psilostachya 101 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82 Plant community responses to short duration grazing in tallgrass prairie. Gillen, R.L.; McCollum, F.T.; Hodges, M.E.; Brummer, J.E.; Tate, K.W. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1991 Mar. Journal of range management v. 44 (2): p. 124-128; 1991 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Oklahoma; Cattle; Natural grasslands; Prairies; Controlled grazing; Rotational grazing; Grazing time; Grazing effects; Grazing intensity; Stocking rate; Plant communities; Botanical composition; Plant succession Abstract: A key to management of short duration grazing systems is maintaining proper rest periods for individual pastures, but information on the necessary length of rest periods for tallgrass prairie is limited. Research hypotheses for this study were that tallgrass prairie plant communities would respond differently to grazing schedules incorporating rest periods of varying lengths and that this response would be dependent on stocking rate. Treatments consisted of 3 grazing schedules (2, 3, or 4 rotation cycles per 152 day grazing season) and 2 stocking rates (1.6 and 2.2 times the moderate continuous rate). Plant frequency, standing crop, species composition, and forage utilization were sampled from 1985 to 1989. Precipitation was above average in 4 of the 5 study years. Grazing schedule did not affect any vegetation parameter over time. Stocking rate did not affect plant frequency or species composition. Standing crop was reduced and forage utilization increased at the higher stocking rate but these effects were consistent over time. Frequency of western ragweed [Ambrosia psilostachya DC.] and the relative species composition of the forb component increased in all grazed pastures compared to ungrazed pastures. The overall lack of major treatment effects was attributed to favorable precipitation, spring burning, and the initial high-seral successional stage of the experimental pastures. 102 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82 Plant responses to pine management and deferred-rotation grazing in north Florida. Lewis, C.E.; Tanner, G.W.; Terry, W.S. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1988 Nov. Journal of range management v. 41 (6): p. 460-465; 1988 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Florida; Livestock; Pinus elliottii; Pinus palustris; Aristida stricta; Grazing systems; Forestry; Prescribed burning; Grazing effects; Plant succession; Environmental impact reporting 103 NAL Call. No.: S1.N32 Pretty doesn't pay the bills. Cramer, C. Emmaus, Pa. : Regenerative Agriculture Association; 1989 Feb. The New farm v. 11 (2): p. 20-22. ill; 1989 Feb. Language: English Descriptors: Nebraska; Crop management; Pasture management; Dairy farming; Rotational grazing; Broadcasting; Appropriate technology 104 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68 Preweaning production of two-breed-cross cows under an intensive grazing system in a temperate climate. Brown, A.H. Jr; Chewning, J.J.; Brown, C.J.; Johnson, Z.; Phillips, J.M. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1989 Jul. Journal of production agriculture v. 2 (3): p. 213-216; 1989 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Arkansas; Beef cattle; Crossbreds; Crossbred progeny; Dams (mothers); Breeding efficiency; Weaning; Weaning weight; Birth weight; Stocking rate; Grazing; Temperate climate 105 NAL Call. No.: SB193.F59 Production and quality of selected cool-season grasses under intensive rotational grazing by dairy cattle. Pysher, D.; Fales, S. Georgetown, Tx. : American Forage and Grassland Council; 1992. Proceedings of the Forage and Grassland Conference v. 1: p. 32-36; 1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Pennsylvania; Dactylis glomerata; Lolium perenne; Festuca arundinacea; Fodder crops; Dairy cattle; Rotational grazing 106 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 W99B Production and use of sudangrass, sorghum-sudangrass hybrids and millets for forage. Koch, D.W. Laramie, Wyo. : The Service; 1988 Mar. Bulletin - Wyoming University, Cooperative Extension Service (904): 4 p.; 1988 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Wyoming; Sorghum sudanense; Cultivars; Millets; Fodder crops; Rotations; Weed control; Fertilizers; Grazing systems; Harvesting 107 NAL Call. No.: 23 W52J Production from and management of burr medic pastures. Thorn, C.; Revell, C.; Ewing, M. South Perth : Department of Agriculture, Western Australia; 1988. Journal of agriculture, Western Australia v. 29 (2): p. 48-53. ill; 1988. Language: English Descriptors: Western australia; Sheep; Medicago polymorpha; Pastures; Crop quality; Grazing effects; Liveweight gains; Wool production; Rotations; Wheat; Yields; Stocking rate; Weed control; Insect control; Pasture management 108 NAL Call. No.: 64.8 C883 Productivity and consumption of wheatgrasses and wheatgrass- sainfoin mixtures grazed by sheep. Griggs, T.C.; Matches, A.G. Madison, Wis. : Crop Science Society of America; 1991 Sep. Crop science v. 31 (5): p. 1267-1273; 1991 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Agropyron cristatum; Agropyron desertorum; Elymus elongatus; Elymus hispidus; Onobrychis viciifolia; Crop mixtures; Rotational grazing; Grazing intensity; Feed intake; Forage; Herbage; Crop quality; Grazing effects; Growth rate; Regrowth; Seasonal growth; Botanical composition Abstract: Grazing systems based on warm- and cool-season components have limited productivity during parts of spring and autumn. Wheat-grasses (Agropyron and Thinopyrum spp.) and sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) may improve the seasonal distribution of growth in grazing systems on the U.S. Southern High Plains. Objectives were to determine the herbage production and consumption of three wheatgrasses and their binary mixtures with sainfoin under three schedules of initiation of spring grazing by sheep (Ovis aries). 'Hycrest' crested wheatgrass [A. cristatum (L.) Gaertn. X A. desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schult.], 'Jose' tall wheatgrass [T. ponticum (Podp.) Barkw. & D.R. Dewey], and 'Luna' pubescent wheatgrass [T. intermedium subsp. barbulatum (Schar) Barkw. & D.R. Dewey] and their mixtures with 'Renumex' sainfoin were established on a Pullman clay loam (fine, mixed thermic Torrertic Paleustoll) in 1984. First growths were initially grazed in 1985 and 1986 under three schedules spaced approximately 3.5 wk apart. Second growths were grazed approximately 6 to 11 wk later. Herbage production of mixtures usually did not exceed that of grasses, but consumption was 13 to 29% greater in mixtures than in pure grasses except under drought conditions. Herbage mass increased with delays in the initiation of grazing in first growths with adequate soil water, and decreased with successive schedules in second growths. Herbage consumption in first growths was greatest for mid or late schedules of grazing initiation. Herbage live leaf and sainfoin concentrations suggest highest forage quality levels for mixtures, particularly in first growths. Wheatgrasses and their mixtures with sainfoin can make important seasonal contributions to the productivity of regional grazing systems. 109 NAL Call. No.: S1.N32 Profitable pork on pasture. Cramer, C. Emmaus, Pa. : Rodale Institute; 1990 May. The New farm v. 12 (4): p. 15-18. ill; 1990 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Pig farming; Grazing; Rotational grazing 110 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82 Protein supplementation of steers grazing tobosa-grass in spring and summer. Pitts, J.S.; McCollum, F.T.; Britton, C.M. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1992 May. Journal of range management v. 45 (3): p. 226-231; 1992 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Steers; Hilaria mutica; Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa; Grazing; Protein supplements; Cottonseed oilmeal; Beef cattle; Spring; Summer; Liveweight gain; Feces; Nitrogen content; Blood; Urea; Protein status Abstract: A 3-year study evaluated weight gain, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and fecal nitrogen (FN) of beef steers fed 0.00, 0.34, or 0.68 kg/hd/day of cottonseed meal (41% CP) while grazing mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa Torr.)/tobosagrass (Hilaria mutica [Buckl.] Benth.) range between April and July. Mixed breed beef steers (avg wt 230 kg) were allocated to three 6-pasture grazing cells and group- fed prorated amounts of supplement 3 days a week. Individual weights were recorded every 21 days. Crude protein in clipped forage samples remained above 7.0% except in July, 1985 (6.5%). Gain response varied among periods within year but the primary effects occurred in the first 40 to 60 days of grazing. In 1985, daily gains over 92 days were 0.38, 0.44, and 0.67 kg/hd/day for the 0.00, 0.34, and 0.68 kg supplement groups, respectively. In 1986 and 1987, daily gains during 85- day trials were 0.65, 0.66, and 0.71 kg/hd/day and 0.98, 1.08, and 1.07 kg/hd/day, respectively. Blood and feces were collected from 10 steers in each treatment group on each weigh date during the first 2 years. The 0.68 kg/hd/day supplement maintained higher (P<0.05) BUN and FN than the control group but response to 0.34 kg supplement was inconsistent. Performance and BUN data suggested that protein concentrate was not the appropriate supplement for steers grazing tobosagrass in the spring and summer. 111 NAL Call. No.: aS622.S6 Reservation improves rangeland. Gray, R.L.; Robinett, D. Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1988 Oct. Soil & water conservation news - U.S. Deptartment of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service v. 9 (7): p. 8-9. ill; 1988 Oct. Language: English Descriptors: Arizona; Rangelands; American indians; Reserved areas; Rotational grazing; Range pastures; Soil and water conservation; Rural development 112 NAL Call. No.: SF85.A1R32 A riparian zone--one story. Bezanson, C.E.; Hughes, L.E. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1989 Apr. Rangelands v. 11 (2): p. 56-57. ill., maps; 1989 Apr. Language: English Descriptors: Arizona; Riparian grasslands; Rotational grazing; Cattle 113 NAL Call. No.: SB193.F59 Rotational and continuous grazing interactions with stocking rate on warm season perennial pastures. Bransby, D.I. Lexington, Ky. : The Conference; 1988. Proceedings of the Forage and Grassland Conference. p. 97-101; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: South Africa; Cynodon dactylon; Chloris gayana; Pennisetum clandestinum; Grazing experiments; Steers; Liveweight gains; Stocking rate; Rotational grazing 114 NAL Call. No.: SB197.A1T7 Rotational and continuous grazing of Zulu forage sorghum (Sorghum spp. hybrid) by beef cattle grazed at 3 stocking rates. French, A.V.; O'Rourke, P.K.; Cameron, D.G. Brisbane : Tropical Grassland Society of Australia; 1988 Jun. Tropical grasslands v. 22 (2): p. 91-93; 1988 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Queensland; Beef cattle; Sorghum; Hybrids; Stocking rate; Rotational grazing; Grazing systems; Grazing trials; Liveweight gains 115 NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3 Rotational grazing and intensive pasture management January 1970-August 1988. Maclean, J.T. Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1989 Jan. Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculure, National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (89-16): 20 p.; 1989 Jan. Bibliography. Language: English Descriptors: Pasture management; Rotational grazing; Bibliographies 116 NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3 Rotational grazing and intensive pasture management, January 1979-June 1989. MacLean, J.T. Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1989 Oct. Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculure, National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (90-03): 23 p.; 1989 Oct. Updates QB 89-16. Bibliography. Language: English Descriptors: Rotational grazing; Pasture management; Bibliographies 117 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 OK41C Rotational grazing plan with bluestem. Ewing, S. Stillwater, Okla. : The Service; 1991 Mar. Circular E - Oklahoma State University, Cooperative Extension Service (901): p. 60-63; 1991 Mar. Paper presented at the "Old World Bluestem Conference," March 29, 1988, Cheyenne, Oklahoma. Language: English Descriptors: Oklahoma; Texas; Bothriochloa ischaemum; Beef cattle; Rotational grazing; Fencing; Wildlife management; Quails 118 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82 Salinity effects on forage quality of Russian thistle. Fowler, J.L.; Hageman, J.H.; Moore, K.J.; Suzukida, M.; Assadian, H.; Valenzuela, M. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1992 Nov. Journal of range management v. 45 (6): p. 559-563; 1992 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: New Mexico; Salsola iberica; Nutrient solutions; Saline water; Sodium chloride; Calcium chloride; Forage; Quality; Lignin; Nitrogen; Nitrate; Fiber content; Oxalates; Plant composition; Nutritive value; Cell wall components Abstract: Russian thistle (Salsola iberica Sennen and Pau), a common weed found on overgrazed rangelands, abandoned farmlands, and other disturbed sites in the western United States, is often grazed by livestock and in times of drought has been extensively harvested for hay. Much of the land where Russian thistle grows in the western United States has a salinity hazard. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of salinity stress on forage quality of Russian thistle. Russian thistle plants were grown in a greenhouse in sand culture irrigated with salinized nutrient solutions (electrical conductivities of 1.3, 10.6, 19.5, 26.8, and 33.9 dS/m) prepared with NaCl and CaCl2 (2:1 molar ratio). Chemical indices of forage quality (total N, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, nitrate, and oxalates) at 2 growth stages (early flower and full flower) were determined. Forage quality of Russian thistle, as measured by total N and fiber constituents, improved with increasing salinity. Mineral ash content increased with salinity stress at both growth stages but was reduced slightly by increasing maturity. Nitrate levels increased at early flower but decreased at full flower with increasing salinity, whereas oxalate-levels at both growth stages were reduced by salinity. Neither component was of sufficient magnitude to be toxic to ruminants. These results indicate that salinity stress is not detrimental to forage quality of Russian thistle but tends to improve it. 119 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 OK41C Seasonal growth rates of tallgrass prairie after clipping. Gillen, R.L. Stillwater, Okla. : The Service; 1992 Feb. Circular E - Oklahoma State University, Cooperative Extension Service (905): p. 22; 1992 Feb. In the series analytic: Range research highlights, 1983-1991 / edited by T.G. Bidwell, D. Titus and D. Cassels. Language: English Descriptors: Rotational grazing; Prairies; Grazing effects; Herbage crops; Seasonal growth 120 NAL Call. No.: SB197.A1T7 Seasonal herbage and animal production from three Cynodon species. Larbi, A.; Mislevy, P.; Adjei, M.B.; Brown, W.F. St Lucia : Tropical Grassland Society of Australia; 1990 Dec. Tropical grasslands v. 24 (4): p. 305-310; 1990 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Florida; Steers; Cynodon dactylon; Cynodon nlemfuensis; Cultivars; Grazing trials; Rotational grazing; Crop yield; Herbage; Dry matter accumulation; Seasonal growth; Nutritive value; Crop quality; In vitro digestibility; Liveweight gain; Crude protein; Animal production; Carrying capacity 121 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82 Seasonal stocking of tobosa managed under continuous and rotation grazing. Anderson, D.M. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1988 Jan. Journal of range management v. 41 (1): p. 78-83. ill; 1988 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: New Mexico; Hilaria mutica; Cattle; Grazing systems; Rotational grazing; Crop quality; Forage; Crude protein; Liveweight gains; Stocking rate; Arid zones; Rangelands 122 NAL Call. No.: 470 C16C Septal and lateral pores in the fungal endophytes of two pasture grasses. Philipson, M.N. Ottawa, Ont. : National Research Council of Canada; 1991 Dec. Canadian journal of botany; Journal canadien de botanique v. 69 (12): p. 2740-2743; 1991 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lolium perenne; Festuca arundinacea; Endophytes; Gliocladium; Phialophora; Fungal morphology; Pores; Hyphae; Cell ultrastructure 123 NAL Call. No.: SF85.A1R32 Short duration grazing--Southern style. Cutshall, J.R. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1991 Feb. Rangelands v. 13 (1): p. 22-24; 1991 Feb. Language: English Descriptors: Louisiana; Beef cattle; Rotational grazing; Winter; Grasses; Forage; Beef production 124 NAL Call. No.: 10 J822 Simplified rotational grazing management of dairy cows: effects of rates of stocking and concentrate. Hoden, A.; Peyraud, J.L.; Muller, A.; Delaby, L.; Faverdin, P. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1991 Jun. The Journal of agricultural science v. 116 (pt.3): p. 417-428; 1991 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: France; Dairy cows; Concentrates; Feed intake; Feed supplements; Grassland management; Milk production; Milk yield; Rotational grazing; Stocking rate 125 NAL Call. No.: HD1.A3 A simulation approach for evaluating field data from grazing trials. Walker, J.W.; Stuth, J.W.; Heitschmidt, R.K. Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1989. Agricultural systems v. 30 (4): p. 301-316; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Cattle; Grazing trials; Field tests; Rotational grazing; Simulation models; Dry matter; Digestibility; Feces collection; Grazing time; Energy; Weight 126 NAL Call. No.: HD1.A3 A simulation model of bull beef production under rotational grazing in the Waikato Region of New Zealand. Doyle, C.J.; Baars, J.A.; Bywater, A.C. Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1989. Agricultural systems v. 31 (3): p. 247-278; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: New Zealand; Beef bulls; Beef production; Rotational grazing; Profitability; Simulation models; Optimization; Stocking rate; Silage; Grazing effects 127 NAL Call. No.: SF85.A1R32 Snowberry. Banister, R. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1991 Feb. Rangelands v. 13 (1): p. 33-34; 1991 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Montana; Symphoricarpos; Beef cattle; Forage; Range management; Rotational grazing; Plant ecology; Biological competition 128 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82 Some effects of a rotational grazing treatment on cattle grazing behavior. Walker, J.W.; Heitschmidt, R.K. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1989 Jul. Journal of range management v. 42 (4): p. 337-342; 1989 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Cattle; Grazing behavior; Range pastures; Rotational grazing; Grazing intensity; Stocking rate; Grazing time; Spatial distribution; Grazing experiments 129 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.M9E23 Species selection, seeding techniques, and management of irrigated pastures in Montana and Wyoming. Holzworth, L.; Lacey, J. Bozeman, Mont. : The Service; 1991 Apr. EB - Montana State University, Extension Service (99): 15 p.; 1991 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Montana; Wyoming; Pastures; Grassland management; Irrigation; Site selection; Irrigation systems; Grasses; Cultivars; Site preparation; Planting; Weed control; Grazing systems; Rotational grazing 130 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68 Steer performance on birdsfoot trefoil and alfalfa pasture in central Georgia. Hoveland, C.S.; Hill, N.S.; Lowery, R.S. Jr; Fales, S.L.; McCormick, M.E.; Smith, A.E. Jr Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1988 Oct. Journal of production agriculture v. 1 (4): p. 343-346; 1988 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Georgia; Steers; Lotus corniculatus; Medicago sativa; Rotational grazing; Performance; Pasture management 131 NAL Call. No.: 292.9 AM34 Stormflow and sediment loss from intensively managed forest watersheds in east Texas. Blackburn, W.H.; Knight, R.W.; Wood, J.C.; Pearson, H.A. Minneapolis, Minn. : American Water Resources Association; 1990 Jun. Water resources bulletin v. 26 (3): p. 465-177; 1990 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Watershed management; Stream flow; Sediments; Losses from soil systems; Clearcutting; Site preparation; Logging effects; Rotational grazing; Stocking density; Grazing effects 132 NAL Call. No.: TP248.13.B54 Study claims: pasturing cows more profitble than injecting BST. New York : McGraw-Hill :.; 1991 Jul15. Biotechnology newswatch v. 11 (14): p. 10; 1991 Jul15. Language: English Descriptors: California; Milk production; Rotational grazing; Somatotropin; Genetic engineering; Farm inputs 133 NAL Call. No.: TX341.C6 Study predicts more profit with alternative to BGH. Washington, D.C. : Community Nutrition Institute; 1991 Jul19. Nutrition week v. 21 (28): p. 6; 1991 Jul19. Language: English Descriptors: Somatotropin; Drug residues; Food safety; Feeds; Milk yield; Profits; Rotational grazing; Milk production; Cows Abstract: An experimental method for feeding dairy cattle may be safer, cheaper and may produce higher milk yields than injections of synthetic bovine growth hormone (BGH), according to an analysis of several recent studies comparing the two approaches. 134 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82 Survival of juvenile basin big sagebrush under different grazing regimes. Owens, M.K.; Norton, B.E. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1990 Mar. Journal of range management v. 43 (2): p. 132-135; 1990 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Utah; Artemisia tridentata; Survival; Range pastures; Grazing effects; Grazing intensity; Plant density; Size; Grazing systems; Agropyron desertorum; Population dynamics Abstract: Basin big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt ssp tridentata Beetle) often invades rangelands seeded to introduced grass species. Livestock grazing may enhance the invasion but the effects of grazing intensity on invasion rates are not known. To investigate invasion rates, individual big sagebrush plants were marked and observed for mortality over a 4-year period within a short duration grazing (SDG) cell and continuous season-long grazed pastures. Over the course of the experiment, the survival of juvenile big sagebrush was higher in the SDG cell. However, there were no differences in survival between grazing treatments during the first year of the study. In subsequent years, declining tiller numbers and density of individual crested wheatgrass plants may have decreased the competitive pressure on juvenile big sagebrush under SDG. The intensity of grazing did not affect which individual juveniles survived. Plants with more than 50 cm2 canopy area had the highest survival rates of all big sagebrush in both grazing treatments. Plant density, which ranged from 1 to 30 plants m-2, did not affect plant survival in either of the grazing treatments. Big sagebrush survival in the SDG cell was higher in a rhizomatous grass community than in a tussock grass community. 135 NAL Call. No.: 286.81 F322 Theories emerge on mechanisms of ionophore rotation. Eng, K. Minnetonka, Minn. : Miller Publishing Co; 1988 Jan18. Feedstuffs v. 60 (3): p. 18, 57; 1988 Jan18. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ruminant feeding; Ionophores; Rotational grazing; Feedlots 136 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 OK41C Tiller defoliation patterns under short duration grazing in tallgrass prairie. Gillen, R.L.; McCollum, F.T.; Brummer, J.E. Stillwater, Okla. : The Service; 1992 Feb. Circular E - Oklahoma State University, Cooperative Extension Service (905): p. 18-19; 1992 Feb. In the series analytic: Range research highlights, 1983-1991 / edited by T.G. Bidwell, D. Titus and D. Cassels. Language: English Descriptors: Rotational grazing; Tillers; Grazing effects; Andropogon gerardii; Schizachyrium scoparium; Range management 137 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82 Tiller defoliation patterns under short duration grazing in tallgrass prairie. Gillen, R.L.; Mccollum, F.T.; Brummer, J.E. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1990 Mar. Journal of range management v. 43 (2): p. 95-99; 1990 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Oklahoma; Cattle; Andropogon gerardii; Schizachyrium scoparium; Tillers; Defoliation; Grazing effects; Stocking rate; Rotational grazing; Grazing intensity; Plant height; Controlled grazing Abstract: Simulated 8-pasture short duration grazing systems were studied in 1985-86 to determine the effect of grazing schedule and stocking rate on defoliation patterns of individual grass tillers of big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) and little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash). Treatments consisted of 3 grazing schedules (2,3, or 4 rotation cycles per 152-day grazing season) and 2 stocking rates (1.3 and 1.8 times the recommended normal). Grazing schedule and stocking rate did not affect the percent tiller height reduction per grazing period except for the combination of 2-cycle grazing and heavy stocking which increased percent height reduction. Percent tiller height reduction per grazing period decreased over the grazing season for the 3 and 4-cycle grazing schedules. Grazing schedule and stocking rate had little effect on the height at which tillers were defoliated. Increasing the number of grazing periods reduced the percentage of tillers defoliated per grazing period but increased the cumulative defoliation frequency over the grazing season. Grazing schedule did not affect the percentage of tillers ungrazed over the entire grazing season. Big bluestem was consistently defoliated more intensely and frequently than little bluestem. 138 NAL Call. No.: SF191.G4 Timed deworming and rotational grazing. Macon, Ga. : Georgia Cattlemen's Association; 1990 Mar. Georgia cattleman v. 18 (3): p. 31, 33. ill; 1990 Mar. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle; Veterinary helminthology; Rotational grazing 139 NAL Call. No.: SF85.A1R32 Twenty years of rest-rotation grazing on the Arizona Strip--an observation. Hughes, L.E. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1990 Jun. Rangelands v. 12 (3): p. 173-176; 1990 Jun. Language: English Descriptors: Arizona; Grazing systems; Rotational grazing 140 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Use of modeling in evaluation of rotational grazing systems. Senft, R.L.; Tharel, L.M. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1989. Journal of animal science v. 67 (suppl.2): p. 71-72; 1989. Includes abstract. Language: English Descriptors: Forage; Rotational grazing; Simulation models; Computer software 141 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82 Utilization of linear prediction procedures to evaluate animal response to grazing systems. Winder, J.A.; Beck, R.F. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1990 Sep. Journal of range management v. 43 (5): p. 396-400; 1990 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: New Mexico; Cattle; Heifers; Rotational grazing; Grazing effects; Diets; Grazing systems; Progeny testing; Calves; Responses; Breeding value; Genetic effects; Environmental factors; Liveweight gain; Best linear unbiased prediction 142 NAL Call. No.: 57.8 P34AE Variations in cellulose-decomposing activity of gray forest soil under sown pastureland as a function of management technique. Yermolayev, A.M.; Shirshova, L.T.; Medvedeva, I.F.; Bykhovets, S.S. New York, N.Y. : Scripta Technica; 1992 Mar. Soviet soil science v. 23 (7): p. 32-40; 1992 Mar. Translated from: Pochvoedenie, (1), 1991, p. 59-66. (57.8 P34). Includes references. Language: English; Russian Descriptors: U.S.S.R.; Grey forest soils; Agricultural soils; Festuca pratensis; Phleum pratense; Trifolium pratense; Cellulose digestion; Biological activity in soil; Soil flora; Pastures; Soil management; Vegetation; Crop yield; Soil organic matter; Biodegradation; Climatic factors; Air temperature; Precipitation; Edaphic factors; Soil temperature; Soil water content; Seasonal fluctuations; Ammonium nitrate; Superphosphate; Potassium chloride; Mowing; Litter (plant); Long term experiments; Temporal variation 143 NAL Call. No.: SF85.A1R32 Vegetation changes on a rest-rotation grazing system. Yeo, J.J.; Wittinger, W.T.; Peek, J.M. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1990 Aug. Rangelands v. 12 (4): p. 220-224; 1990 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Idaho; Wyoming; Grazing systems; Rotational grazing; Vegetation 144 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82 Vegetation response to the Santa Rita grazing system. Martin, S.C.; Severson, K.E. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1988 Jul. Journal of range management v. 41 (4): p. 291-295; 1988 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Arizona; Grazing systems; Rotational grazing; Vegetation; Grasslands; Semiarid zones; Yield response functions; Plant density; Range management 145 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82 Vegetational response to short-duration and continuous grazing in southcentral New Mexico. White, M.R.; Pieper, R.D.; Donart, G.B.; Trifaro, L.W. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1991 Jul. Journal of range management v. 44 (4): p. 399-403; 1991 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: New Mexico; Bouteloua gracilis; Vegetation; Cattle; Grazing intensity; Grazing time; Grazing effects; Biomass; Biomass production; Botanical composition; Stocking rate; Range pastures; Range management Abstract: Vegetational response of a nine-paddock, short- duration grazing cell was compared to that of a continuous pasture for a 5-year period in southcentral New Mexico. Differences in vegetational response to short-duration and continuous grazing on blue grama rangeland were small. Basal plant cover was slightly hither for the short-duration pastures, but end-of-season standing crop of all species was similar for both systems. Blue grama aboveground productivity and basal cover were higher for the short-duration pastures than for the continuously-grazed pasture. Possible short-term results from short-duration grazing include slightly higher stocking rates and a positive response of blue grama. 146 NAL Call. No.: SF191.G4 Veterinarians add grazing management to herd health programs. Macon, Ga. : Georgia Cattlemen's Association; 1990 Sep. Georgia cattleman v. 18 (9): p. 19, 61. ill; 1990 Sep. Language: English Descriptors: Rotational grazing; Veterinarians 147 NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.685 Voisin controlled grazing management a better way to farm. Murphy, Bill University of Vermont, Dept. of Plant and Soil Science Burlington, VT : University of Vermont Extension,; 1989. 1 videocassette (34 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. Video production coordinated by Bill Murphy. VHS. "With funding by the Low-Input/Sustainable Agriculture and Research Education Program, Northeast Region, United States Department of Agriuclture"--Contaner. Language: English Descriptors: Grazing; Pastures; Meadows; Forage plants Abstract: Several Vermont dairy farmers and a professor of Agronomy discuss the advantages to the system of "rational grazing" developed by Andre Voisin in France in the 1950's, whereby use is made of the natural plant growth curve, pasture recovery periods are lengthened as the season progresses, and paddocks are rotated. 148 NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.1328 Voisin controlled grazing management a better way to farm Part II Equipping for livestock control and maximum net forage production.. Equipping for livestock control and maximum net forage production Equipping for maximum net forage production Murphy, Bill; Flack, Doug Perceptions, Inc, University of Vermont, Dept. of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, Extension Service Burlington, VT : University of Vermont Extension :; 1990. 1 videocassette (38 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. Title on cassette label: Equipping for maximum net forage production. Language: English Descriptors: Electric fences; Grazing; Pastures; Range management Abstract: Discusses the use of electric fences in the Voisin system of "rational grazing." Demonstrates what types of wire to use for which purpose, how to string the wire, how to deal with water hoses in relation to electric fences, and how and when to move the high density flock around the pasturage using the electric fences. AUTHOR INDEX Absher, C. 52 Acutis, M. 40 Adejumo, J.O. 25 Adjei, M.B. 120 Ahrenholz, R. 48 Albrecht, K.A. 3 Anderson, D.M. 121 Assadian, H. 118 Baars, J.A. 126 Bailey, J.A. 17 Banister, R. 127 Barberan, M. 87 Barger, I.A. 93 Barker, W.T. 18 Beck, R.F. 141 Belsky, A.J. 35 Bezanson, C.E. 112 Bissio, J. 55 Blackburn, W.H. 131 Bohn, P.J. 86 Bolze, R.P. 12 Bouix, J. 24 Boulard, C. 24 Bransby, D.I. 4, 13, 78, 113 Brazle, F.K. 2, 63 Brereton, A.J. 28, 29 Britton, C.M. 110 Brock, J.L. 16 Brown, A.H. Jr 104 Brown, C.J. 104 Brown, W.F. 120 Brummer, J.E. 59, 70, 100, 101, 136, 137 Bryant, F.C. 31, 41, 92 Buckmaster, D.R. 84 Bunting, S.C. 53 Burleson, W.H. 77 Burris, R. 52 Bykhovets, S.S. 142 Bywater, A.C. 126 Cabaret, J. 24 Calamel, M. 24 Cameron, D.G. 114 Carey, J.A. 31 Carton, O.T. 28, 29 Cauhepe, M.A. 34 Chase, L.E. 96 Chestnut, A.B. 95 Chewning, J.J. 104 Chirase, N.K. 36 Cocks, P.S. 10, 99 Coffey, K.P. 2, 63 Conrad, B.E. 57 Coop, R.L. 88 Cortet, J. 24 Couch, P.G.C. 93 Craddock, B.F. 31 Cramer, C. 103, 109 Cumming, K.J. 82 Cutshall, J.R. 123 Dahl, B.E. 37 Dalrymple, R.L. 15, 66 Davidson, S. 45 Delaby, L. 124 Demment, M.W. 74 Deutscher, A. 50 Donart, G.B. 145 Dougherty, C. 52 Dougherty, C.T. 19 Doyle, C.J. 126 Emmick, D.L. 1, 21, 96 Eng, K. 135 Evans, T.R. 38, 39 Ewing, M. 107 Ewing, S. 117 Fales, S. 105 Fales, S.L. 86, 130 Faverdin, P. 124 Fay, P.K. 33 Fierro, L.C. 92 Fisher, J.C. 12 Fitzsimons, J. 88 Flack, Doug 148 Flatt, B. 66 Florez, A. 31 Floyd, D. 67 Fowler, J.L. 118 Fox, D.G. 96 Frank, R.W. 48 French, A.V. 114 Fribourg, H.A. 95 Fults, G.A. 46 Gamble, B.E. 13 Gauvin, M. 71 George, M.R. 74 Gerrish, J.R. 5, 64 Gieger, K.L. 3 Gillen, R.L. 11, 30, 32, 59, 70, 100, 101, 119, 136, 137 Goldberg, J.J. 69 Gray, G.D. 93 Gray, R.L. 111 Gregory, W.H. 78 Griggs, T.C. 108 Gruner, L. 24 Gutman, M. 60 Gwinn, K.D. 95 Hacker, J.B. 38, 39 Hageman, J.H. 118 Hansen, B.R. 62 Hart, R.H. 8, 54, 55, 56 Hay, M.J.M. 16, 91 Heitschmidt, R.K. 73, 125, 128 Hepworth, K.W. 56 Hidalgo, L.G. 34 Hides, D.H. 26 Hill, N.S. 130 Hoden, A. 124 Hodges, M.E. 100, 101 Hollington, P.A. 26 Holzworth, L. 129 Hoover, R.J. 86 Hoveland, C.S. 130 Howard, D.B. 69 Hughes, L.E. 47, 112, 139 Hussey, M.A. 57 Hutcheson, D.P. 36 Ivey, H.W. 13 Jackson, E. 88 Jackson, F. 88 Jensen, H.P. 30, 32 Jirik, S.J. 53 Johnson, E.G. 72 Johnson, I.R. 81 Johnson, Z. 104 Jones, C.S. Jr 3 Jones, R.J. 83 Jones, R.M. 83, 94, 97 Kaiser, C.J. 48 Karnezos, T.P. 22, 80, 85 Karunanandaa, K. 86 Keane, G.P. 28, 29 Kee, D.D. 13, 78 Kendall, D. 42 Kie, J.G. 9 Knight, R.S. 74 Knight, R.W. 131 Koch, D.W. 106 Krause, M.A. 62 Kristensen, E.S. 68 Kunkel, J.R. 69 La Rue, D.C. 63 Lacefield, G. 52 Lacey, J. 129 Land Stewardship Project (U.S.) 14 Larbi, A. 120 Le Jambre, L.F. 93 Leininger, W.C. 77 Lewis, C.E. 102 Loft, E.R. 9 Lomas, L.W. 2, 63 Loomis, J.B. 9 Lowery, R.S. Jr 130 Lowman, B.G. 88 Maclean, J.T. 115 MacLean, J.T. 116 Mannetje, L. 't 94 Marshall, A.H. 26 Marten, G.C. 75 Martin, S.C. 144 Matches, A.G. 22, 80, 85, 108 McCollum, F.T. 11, 32, 59, 70, 100, 101, 110, 136 Mccollum, F.T. 137 McCormick, M.E. 130 McLaren, J.B. 95 Medvedeva, I.F. 142 Merz, D.F. 44 Middleton, J.M. 51 Mislevy, P. 120 Molenat, G. 24 Moline, W.J. 51, 58 Moore, K.J. 118 Morrow, R.E. 64 Mosley, J.C. 37 Moyer, J.L. 2, 63 Mueller, M.A. 95 Muller, A. 124 Muller, L.D. 84 Murphy, B.M. 69 Murphy, Bill 147, 148 Newton, P.C.D. 91 Norton, B.E. 134 Noy-Meir, I. 60 O'Keeffe, W.F. 28, 29 O'Rourke, P.K. 114 Ogden, P. 67 Olson, B.E. 33 Olson-Rutz, K. 33 Onks, D.O. 95 Osoro, K. 23 Owens, M.K. 134 Pankey, J.W. 69 Parker, W.J. 84 Parsons, A.J. 27, 81 Pascal, G. 40 Pearson, H.A. 131 Peek, J.M. 143 Penning P.D. 27 Perceptions, Inc, University of Vermont, Dept. of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, Extension Service 148 Peyraud, J.L. 124 Philipson, M.N. 122 Phillips, J.M. 104 Pieper, R.D. 145 Pitts, J.S. 110 Plumer, M.D. 48 Plummer, R. 51, 58 Potter, G.D. 57 Pysher, D. 105 Ragotzkie, K.E. 17 Ramon, J.P. 87 Revell, C. 107 Reyneri, A. 40 Roberts, C.R. 64 Robinett, D. 111 Rodale Institute, Rooy Media (Firm) 43 Rollins, D. 30 Roundy, B. 67 Rouquette, F.M. Jr 20, 76 Rouquette, M. Jr 65 Rusland, G.A. 3 Ruyle, G. 67 Samuel, M.J. 8, 54, 55 Sands, P.B. 74 Sauve, C. 24 Saxe, T.D. 48 Schulze-Tate, V.G. 64 Schwien, J. 98 Sedivec, K.K. 18 Seligman, N.G. 60 Senft, R.L. 79, 140 Severson, K.E. 144 Shannon, M. 61 Shirshova, L.T. 142 Silvey, M.W. 97 Siniscalco, C. 40 Smart, A. 7 Smith, A.E. Jr 130 Smith, J.E. 63 Smith, M.A. 8, 54, 56 Sniffen, C.J. 96 Sollenberger, L.E. 3 Stewart, D. 67 Stuth, J.W. 125 Suzukida, M. 118 Swank, W.G. 6 Swisher, J.M. Jr 90 Tanner, G.W. 102 Tate, K.W. 100, 101 Terry, W.S. 102 Test, P.S. 8, 56 Tharel, L.M. 79, 140 Thomas, V.J. 16, 91 Thorn, C. 107 Tjepkema, J. 89 Toomer, L.F. 21 Trifaro, L.W. 145 Undersander, D. 7 University of Vermont, Dept. of Plant and Soil Science 147 Updike, D.R. 9 Valderrabano, J. 87 Valenzuela, M. 118 Waggoner, J.W. Jr 54, 55, 56 Walker, J.W. 125, 128 Wallander, R.T. 33 Webb, G.W. 57 White, M.R. 145 Wilder, L. 50 Wildman, E.E. 69 Wilkins, R.N. 6 Williams, J.H.H. 81 Wilson, A.D. 49 Winder, J.A. 141 Wittinger, W.T. 143 Wood, J.C. 131 Yeo, J.J. 143 Yermolayev, A.M. 142 SUBJECT INDEX Abandoned land 40 Acacia tortilis 35 Acremonium coenophialum 63, 95 Adansonia digitata 35 Adaptability 19 Agricultural land 84 Agricultural soils 142 Agricultural systems 14 Agronomic characteristics 99 Agronomy 62 Agropyron 8, 22 Agropyron cristatum 80, 85, 108 Agropyron desertorum 80, 85, 108, 134 Agropyron spicatum 53 Air temperature 142 Alabama 78 Alfalfa 72, 84, 87 Alternative farming 71 Ambrosia psilostachya 100 American indians 111 Ammonium nitrate 142 Ammonium sulfate 97 Andropogon gerardii 32, 136, 137 Animal competition 49 Animal nutrition 86, 96 Animal production 39, 120 Annuals 76 Anthelmintics 93 Application rates 97 Appropriate technology 42, 103 Argentina norte 34 Arid regions 73 Arid zones 47, 61, 121 Aristida stricta 102 Arizona 17, 47, 61, 67, 82, 111, 112, 139, 144 Arkansas 104 Arles merino 24 Artemisia tridentata 134 Australia 49 Australian northern territory 45 Availability 75, 96 Beef bulls 126 Beef cattle 12, 32, 54, 55, 56, 63, 64, 72, 74, 82, 104, 110, 114, 117, 123, 127 Beef cows 23 Beef production 12, 45, 61, 65, 74, 79, 83, 123, 126 Best linear unbiased prediction 141 Bibliographies 115, 116 Biodegradation 142 Biological activity in soil 142 Biological competition 127 Biomass 145 Biomass production 34, 41, 145 Birds 30 Birth weight 104 Bloat 52 Blood 110 Blood serum 63 Body weight 23 Botanical composition 10, 34, 92, 94, 97, 101, 108, 145 Bothriochloa 34 Bothriochloa ischaemum 117 Bouteloua gracilis 145 Bovine mastitis 69 Branching 91 Breed differences 65 Breeding efficiency 104 Breeding season 82 Breeding value 141 Broadcasting 103 Brush control 82 Bulk milk 69 Calcium chloride 118 Calf production 82 California 9, 74, 132 Calves 23, 95, 96, 141 Canopy 27, 81 Carcass composition 63 Carcass quality 36 Carrying capacity 9, 120 Cash flow analysis 77 Cattle 2, 7, 8, 9, 14, 17, 33, 47, 48, 61, 70, 88, 94, 95, 101, 112, 121, 125, 128, 137, 138, 141, 145 Cattle farming 42 Cattle feeding 74 Cell ultrastructure 122 Cell wall components 25, 118 Cellulose 35 Cellulose digestion 142 Cenchrus ciliaris 94 Cereals 62 Ceruloplasmin 63 Chloris gayana 83, 113 Chlortetracycline 36 Cinnamic acid 86 Clearcutting 131 Climatic factors 142 Cold resistance 19 Cold tolerance 75 Colinus Virginianus 6, 30 Colorado 98 Comparisons 95 Computer simulation 62, 79 Computer software 140 Concentrates 124 Conception rate 12 Contract farming 50 Controlled grazing 2, 37, 54, 55, 101, 137 Controlled release 63 Corriedale 31 Cost benefit analysis 65 Costs 15, 42 Cottonseed oilmeal 110 Cover crops 89 Cows 60, 97, 133 Crop density 16 Crop management 26, 103 Crop mixtures 80, 85, 108 Crop quality 25, 35, 39, 85, 94, 97, 107, 108, 120, 121 Crop yield 25, 38, 83, 85, 94, 97, 120, 142 Crossbred progeny 104 Crossbreds 36, 65, 104 Crude protein 25, 37, 80, 96, 120, 121 Cultivars 106, 120, 129 Cultural weed control 71 Cuprous oxide 63 Cutting frequency 68 Cynodon dactylon 13, 15, 65, 66, 79, 113, 120 Cynodon nlemfuensis 120 Dactylis glomerata 12, 86, 105 Dairy cattle 105 Dairy cows 68, 69, 84, 90, 96, 124 Dairy farming 21, 103 Dairy farms 69 Dairying 14 Dams (mothers) 104 Defoliation 26, 27, 68, 81, 137 Denmark 68 Dictyocaulus filaria 24 Diets 36, 76, 141 Digestibility 23, 37, 80, 125 Digitaria decumbens 38, 39 Distance travelled 55, 56 Diurnal activity 2 Double cropping 71 Drinking water 55 Drought 42 Drug residues 133 Dry feeding 84 Dry matter 28, 125 Dry matter accumulation 25, 83, 120 Dry season 25, 92 Duration 2, 27, 55 Economic analysis 9 Economic impact 21 Economics 8, 62 Ecosystems 67, 73 Edaphic factors 142 Edible species 92 Efficiency 77 Electric fences 74, 148 Elymus elongatus 80, 85, 108 Elymus hispidus 85, 108 Elymus hispidus subsp. barbulatus 80 Endophytes 2, 122 Energy 125 Energy conservation 73 Energy intake 92 England 27, 81 Environmental factors 141 Environmental impact reporting 102 Epidemiology 88 Epizootiology 93 Eragrostis lehmanniana 82 Estradiol 63 Evolution 40 Ewe lactation 24 Ewes 16, 24, 31, 87 Exercise 90 Experimental plots 20 Fallow systems 47 Farm inputs 132 Farm management 62 Farm profit 62 Farming 89 Fattening performance 63, 96 Feces 93, 110 Feces collection 125 Federal programs 50 Feed conversion 80 Feed intake 36, 68, 80, 92, 108, 124 Feed supplements 45, 75, 124 Feeding 36 Feeding frequency 32 Feeding preferences 32 Feedlots 135 Feeds 133 Fencing 18, 117 Fertilizers 42, 106 Ferulic acid 86 Festuca arundinacea 2, 12, 63, 105, 122 Festuca pratensis 142 Fiber 86 Fiber content 25, 35, 96, 118 Fiber quality 31 Field tests 125 Fire effects 44 Fish meal 96 Floodlands 34 Florida 3, 46, 102, 120 Fodder crops 42, 66, 105, 106 Fodder legumes 51 Fodder plants 51 Food safety 133 Forage 3, 8, 25, 35, 41, 49, 54, 57, 60, 64, 74, 75, 80, 84, 85, 92, 96, 108, 118, 121, 123, 127, 140 Forage crops 19, 20, 75 Forage plants 147 Forestry 102 France 24, 124 Fungal morphology 122 Genetic effects 141 Genetic engineering 132 Genetic resistance 93 Genotypes 10, 93, 99 Georgia 130 Gliocladium 122 Gliricidia sepium 25 Goats 44 Grass sward 27, 81 Grasses 19, 20, 34, 66, 76, 123, 129 Grassland management 2, 4, 5, 21, 38, 39, 41, 45, 48, 51, 58, 91, 96, 124, 129 Grasslands 28, 29, 49, 53, 144 Grazing 14, 17, 36, 43, 62, 84, 104, 109, 110, 147, 148 Grazing behavior 2, 32, 55, 56, 76, 128 Grazing effects 4, 5, 6, 10, 17, 28, 30, 32, 33, 40, 54, 59, 77, 81, 91, 99, 101, 102, 107, 108, 119, 126, 131, 134, 136, 137, 141, 145 Grazing experiments 15, 20, 41, 49, 63, 95, 113, 128 Grazing intensity 8, 9, 12, 19, 20, 28, 29, 32, 34, 40, 48, 54, 56, 65, 68, 71, 74, 81, 91, 101, 108, 128, 134, 137, 145 Grazing systems 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 18, 24, 34, 42, 47, 55, 56, 57, 60, 61, 73, 75, 76, 77, 79, 83, 94, 95, 102, 106, 114, 121, 129, 134, 139, 141, 143, 144 Grazing time 12, 28, 29, 32, 37, 55, 56, 101, 125, 128, 145 Grazing trials 32, 37, 56, 60, 80, 83, 85, 94, 96, 114, 120, 125 Grey forest soils 142 Gross margins 22 Growth 12, 53, 57 Growth models 79 Growth rate 38, 68, 108 Habitat improvement 67 Habitat selection 17 Habitats 6, 17 Haemonchus contortus 93 Hard seeds 99 Harvesting 106 Harvesting date 25 Heat tolerance 76 Heifers 96, 141 Hemarthria altissima 3 Herbage 23, 32, 37, 53, 60, 68, 80, 83, 84, 85, 94, 97, 108, 120 Herbage crops 59, 100, 119 Hilaria mutica 110, 121 Hill land 96 Holistic approach 61 Holstein-friesian 28, 29 Horses 57, 58 Humid zones 76 Hunting 9, 46 Hybrids 80, 85, 114 Hyphae 122 Idaho 143 Illinois 48 Imazethapyr 86 In vitro digestibility 25, 35, 120 Inflorescences 26 Insect control 71, 107 Intensive farming 73, 75, 76 Intensive livestock farming 78 Intensive production 21 Ionophores 135 Ireland 28, 29 Irrigated pastures 22, 85 Irrigation 129 Irrigation systems 129 Israel 60 Italy 40 Kangaroos 49 Kenya 35 Lactation 31 Lamb production 22, 80 Lambs 16, 80, 85, 87, 88 Land use 84 Lasalocid 36 Leaf age 81 Leaf area 32 Leases 46 Leaves 27 Legumes 71 Leucanthemum vulgare 33 Leukotrienes 93 Lignin 25, 35, 118 Linear programming 62 Litter (plant) 142 Livestock 73, 102 Liveweight 65 Liveweight gain 7, 11, 12, 22, 39, 45, 54, 55, 56, 80, 85, 94, 96, 110, 120, 141 Liveweight gains 8, 15, 23, 36, 60, 75, 76, 78, 83, 107, 113, 114, 121 Logging effects 131 Lolium 86 Lolium multiflorum 15, 87 Lolium perenne 27, 28, 29, 68, 81, 105, 122 Long term experiments 142 Losses 30 Losses from soil systems 131 Lotus corniculatus 130 Louisiana 123 Macroptilium atropurpureum 94, 97 Maine 71 Maize 84 Mathematical models 27, 81, 85 Maturity stage 25 Meadows 147 Medicago 10, 99 Medicago polymorpha 107 Medicago sativa 52, 94, 97, 130 Mediterranean countries 60 Michigan 51 Microbial contamination 69 Milk production 14, 124, 132, 133 Milk quality 69 Milk tanks 69 Milk yield 124, 133 Millets 106 Mineral content 25, 35 Mixed cropping 22, 71 Mixed grazing 31 Mixed pastures 16, 22, 64, 80, 85, 94, 97 Moisture content 37 Monitoring 10 Monoculture 22, 80 Montana 42, 127, 129 Morphology 87 Mountain grasslands 40 Mowing 142 Multiple land use 9 National forests 9, 67 Natural grasslands 34, 94, 101 Nature conservancy 67 Nebraska 103 Nematode infections 24, 88, 93 Nematode larvae 93 Nematodirus battus 88 Neonotonia wightii 97 Nests 30 New Mexico 118, 121, 141, 145 New York 21, 96 New Zealand 16, 91, 126 Nigeria 25 Nitrate 118 Nitrogen 118 Nitrogen content 110 Nitrogen fertilizers 83, 89, 94 North central states of U.S.A. 58, 89 North Dakota 50 Nutrient intake 92 Nutrient solutions 118 Nutritive value 3, 35, 80, 83, 86, 94, 118, 120 Odocoileus hemionus 9, 17 Odocoileus Virginianus 46 Oklahoma 66, 70, 101, 117, 137 Onobrychis 22 Onobrychis viciifolia 80, 85, 108 Operations research 77 Optimization 126 Organic farming 42 Ostertagia ostertagi 93 Overgrazing 61 Oxalates 118 Oxytetracycline 2 P-coumaric acid 86 Paddocks 90 Panicum maximum var. trichoglume 97 Panicum virgatum 7 Paspalum dilatatum 34 Paspalum notatum 3 Pasture management 3, 15, 16, 28, 29, 65, 73, 75, 76, 103, 107, 115, 116, 130 Pasture plants 5, 35, 51, 58, 92 Pastures 13, 18, 23, 24, 55, 58, 93, 107, 129, 142, 147, 148 Pennisetum clandestinum 38, 39, 113 Pennsylvania 84, 105 Pens 36 Perennials 76 Performance 130 Performance testing 95 Performance traits 60 Permanent grasslands 97 Permeability 54 Persistence 5, 94, 99 Peru 31, 92 Pests 43 Phenology 38 Phialophora 122 Phleum pratense 86, 142 Photosynthesis 27, 81 Pig farming 109 Pinus elliottii 102 Pinus palustris 102 Planning 77, 77 Plant communities 46, 101 Plant competition 40 Plant composition 118 Plant density 134, 144 Plant ecology 19, 20, 127 Plant establishment 47 Plant growth regulators 86 Plant height 137 Plant introduction 82 Plant morphology 19, 91 Plant physiology 19, 20 Plant production 8, 68 Plant protein 96 Plant succession 40, 101, 102 Planting 129 Plate count 69 Poa pratensis 7 Population density 6, 9 Population dynamics 134 Pores 122 Potassium chloride 142 Prairies 11, 32, 70, 100, 101, 119 Precipitation 142 Prediction 85 Prescribed burning 44, 45, 46, 53, 100, 102 Production 53 Production costs 22 Production possibilities 38, 39 Productivity 61 Profitability 54, 62, 89, 126 Profits 133 Progeny testing 141 Progesterone 63 Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa 110 Protein content 25, 42 Protein degradation 96 Protein intake 70, 92 Protein status 110 Protein supplements 96, 110 Quails 117 Quality 57, 64, 96, 118 Queensland 38, 39, 45, 83, 94, 97, 114 Quercus havardii 37 Rain 41, 49 Ranching 61 Range management 8, 9, 44, 46, 67, 74, 77, 82, 100, 127, 136, 144, 145, 148 Range pastures 9, 17, 82, 92, 111, 128, 134, 145 Rangelands 6, 9, 37, 47, 77, 111, 121 Record keeping 18 Regrowth 27, 81, 108 Rehabilitation 82 Reproductive organs (animal) 87 Reserved areas 111 Resource management 61 Responses 53, 141 Returns 22 Riparian forests 67 Riparian grasslands 112 Riparian vegetation 98 Ripping 82 Romanov 24 Rotational grazing 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, 37, 38, 39, 41, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 52, 53, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 74, 78, 80, 81, 82, 83, 87, 88, 89, 90, 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 100, 101, 103, 105, 108, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 119, 120, 121, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 143, 144, 146 Rotations 7, 10, 42, 62, 71, 99, 106, 107 Ruminant feeding 135 Ruminants 75, 86 Rural development 111 Sage 53 Saline water 118 Salsola iberica 118 Savanna woodlands 35 Savannas 45 Schizachyrium scoparium 32, 136, 137 Seasonal fluctuations 142 Seasonal growth 108, 119, 120 Seasonal variation 34, 95 Sediments 131 Seed banks 10, 99 Seed crops 26 Seed production 26, 47 Selective grazing 69 Semi-desert scrub 17 Semiarid zones 6, 49, 144 Setaria sphacelata 38, 39, 83 Sex differences 65 Sheep 22, 24, 26, 27, 49, 62, 81, 85, 91, 92, 93, 107, 108 Sheep diseases 93 Silage 126 Simulation 53 Simulation models 62, 79, 125, 126, 140 Sitanion hystrix 53 Site preparation 129, 131 Site selection 129 Size 55, 134 Small intestine 93 Sodium chloride 118 Soil and water conservation 50, 111 Soil flora 142 Soil management 142 Soil organic matter 142 Soil temperature 142 Soil testing 42 Soil types 41 Soil water 54 Soil water content 142 Somatotropin 132, 133 Sorghastrum nutans 32 Sorghum 114 Sorghum sudanense 106 South Africa 113 South australia 62 South central states of U.S.A. 79 South eastern states of U.S.A. 79 Southern plains states of U.S.A. 22 Sowing 82 Sown grasslands 94, 97 Sown pastures 36, 78 Soybean oilmeal 96 Spain 23, 87 Spatial distribution 128 Species 95 Sporobolus indicus 34 Spring 22, 28, 29, 110 Steers 3, 13, 15, 28, 29, 36, 37, 38, 56, 63, 78, 83, 94, 110, 113, 120, 130 Stipa comata 8 Stocking density 41, 131 Stocking rate 8, 11, 13, 23, 31, 39, 48, 49, 52, 54, 56, 57, 59, 68, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 91, 92, 94, 97, 101, 104, 107, 113, 114, 121, 124, 126, 128, 137, 145 Stream flow 131 Streams 98 Subtropical soils 97 Summer 22, 110 Superphosphate 94, 97, 142 Supplementary feeding 60, 72 Survival 99, 134 Sustainability 71 Sustainable agriculture 43 Sward renovation 81 Symphoricarpos 127 Syria 10, 99 Teat dip 69 Teats 69 Teladorsagia circumcincta 24 Temperate climate 104 Temperatures 28 Temporal variation 142 Tennessee 95 Texas 6, 22, 37, 44, 65, 80, 85, 100, 117, 125, 128, 131 Thinopyrum 22 Tillage 62 Tillering 19 Tillers 32, 136, 137 Trichostrongylus colubriformis 93 Trichostrongylus vitrinus 24 Trifolium 95 Trifolium pratense 12, 142 Trifolium repens 2, 16, 26, 91 Trifolium subterraneum 10 Triticum 99 Tropical grasslands 38, 39 Tropics 35 U.S.S.R. 142 Udders 69 Undergrowth 35 United Kingdom 26 Urea 110 Usda 50 Utah 134 Utilization 76 Varieties 3, 26 Vegetation 142, 143, 144, 145 Vegetation types 40 Vermont 69 Vertisols 97 Veterinarians 146 Veterinary helminthology 138 Vigor 47, 53 Virginia 90 Water availability 18 Watershed management 131 Watersheds 98 Weaning 104 Weaning weight 23, 104 Weed control 33, 106, 107, 129 Weight 125 Weight gain 3, 37, 57, 72 Weight losses 12 Western australia 107 Wet season 92 Wetlands 67 Wheat 36, 107 Wildlife conservation 18, 67 Wildlife management 6, 30, 117 Winter 28, 29, 123 Wisconsin 7 Woodlands 49 Wool production 31, 107 Wyoming 8, 54, 56, 106, 129, 143 Yield components 26, 28, 38 Yield increases 27 Yield response functions 144 Yields 18, 26, 34, 68, 81, 107 Zero grazing 69

Return to:
Alternative Farming Systems Information Center, http://afsic.nal.usda.gov
National Agricultural Library, https://www.nal.usda.gov

United States Department of Agriculture
Agricultural Research Service
National Agricultural Library

The Alternative Farming Systems Information Center, afsic@nal.usda.gov
https://www.nal.usda.gov/afsic/AFSIC_pubs/qb93-50.htm, August 1993
Web Policies and Important Links, https://www.nal.usda.gov/web-policies-and-important-links

Rotational Grazing and Intensive Pasture Management, 1993January 1988 - April 1993

Rotational Grazing and Intensive Pasture Management, 1993
January 1988 - April 1993